APA guidelines Essay Example for Free

APA guidelines EssayTermdefinitionResource you usedTime value of m aneyMoney has a Time Value. This basic mentation a dollar legitimate today, other things being the same, is worth to a greater extent than a dollar received a course of instruction from now underlies many financial decisions faced in tune (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P. 172).TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial forethought Principles and Applications (12th ed.). scholar Hall Efficient tradeA market in which prices quickly respond to the contract of new information. Efficient markets describes the extent to which information is incorporated into security prices. In an efficient market, security prices mull all available information at all times and, because of this, it is impossible for an investor to consistently earn extravagantly rates of return without taking substantial risk (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.210). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial focussing Princ iples and Applications (12th ed.). Prentice Hall patriarchal versus secondary marketA primary market is a market inwhich new, as strange to previously issued, securities are bought and sold for the first time. In this market, firms issue new securities to raise notes that they derriere then use to help finance their businesses. The key feature of the primary market is that the firms selling securities in truth receive the money raised.The secondary market is where all subsequent trading of previously issued securities takes place. In this market the issuing firm does not receive any new financing, as the securities it hassold are precisely being transferred from one investor to another. The principal benefit of the secondary market for the shareholders of firms that sell their securities to the public is liquidity(TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.25). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management Principles and Applications (12th ed.). Prentice Hall Risk-retu rn tradeofftells us that we impart expect to receive higher returns for assuming more risk (even though there is no guarantee we will get what we expect).However, the riskreturn tradeoff that investors face is not based on realized rates of return it is instead based on what the investor expects to earn on an investment in the future (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P.193). TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management Principles and Applications (12th ed.). Prentice Hall way of life (principal and agent problems)The conflict of interest between the firms managers and its stockholders is called a principal-agent problem, or agency problem, in which the firms common stockholders, the owners of the firm, are the principals in the relationship, and the managers act as agents to these owners (TItman, Keown, Martin, 2014, P. 13)TItman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J. (2014). Financial Management Principles and Applications (12th ed.). Prentice Hall Market information and s ecurity prices and information asymmetry A situation in which one party in a transaction has more or superior information compared to another. This often happens in transactions where the seller knows more than the buyer, although the reverse can happen as well. Potentially, this could be a calumnious situation because one party can take advantage of the other partys lack of knowledge (Investopedia, 2015). Investopedia. (2015). crooked Information. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/ basis/a/asymmetricinformation.asp Agile and lean principlesAgile refers to an adaptive, incremental approach to solutions development,with strong emphasis on delivering value. In contrast, bung respresents a widely adopted approach to continuous improvement, knowing to improve surgical operation by removing barriers which disrupt kneadflow in existing systems. Both Agile and Lean are in particular attractive and suited to finance sector enviroments where business requirements change frequen tly and recation time is critical (Agile And Lean In Finance, 2011) Agile and Lean in Finance. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.dbconsulting.co.uk/agile-and-lean-in-finance-22-september/ Return on investmentReturn on investment, or ROI, is the just about common profitability ratio. There are several ways to determine ROI, but the most frequently used method is to divide engagement profit by total assets. So if your net profit is $100,000 and your total assets are $300,000, your ROI would be .33 or 33 percent. Return on investment isnt necessarily the same as profit. ROI deals with the money you invest in the company and the return you realize on that money based on the net profit of the business (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2014). Entrepreneur Media, Inc.. (2014). Return on Investment ROI. Retrieved from http//www.entrepreneur.com/ cyclopaedia/return-on-investment-roiCash flow and a source of valueIn investments, cash flow represents earnings in the lead depreciation, amortization , and non-cash charges. Sometimes called cash earnings. The maount of net cash generated by an investment or a business durning a specific period. Once measure of cash flow is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (The dispatch Dictionary, 2015). The separated Dictionary. (2015). Cash flow. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cash+flowProject managementThe planning and organization of an organizations resources in order to decease a specific task, event or duty toward completion. Project management typically involves a one-time witness rather than an ongoing activity, and resources managed include both human and financial capital.A project manager will help define the goals and objectives of the project, determine when the various project components are to be completed (Project Management, 2015). Project Management. (2015). Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/p/project-management.asp Outsourcing and offshoringOuts ourcing refers to an organization contracting pee-pee out to a 3rd party, while offshoring refers to getting belong done in a different country, usually to leverage cost advantages. Its possible to outsource work but not offshore it for good example, hiring an outside law firm to review contracts instead of maintaining an in-house staff of lawyers. It is alike possible to offshore work but not outsource it for example, a Dell customer att closedown to center in India to serve American clients. Offshore outsourcing is the practice of hiring a vendor to do the work offshore, usually to lower costs and take advantage of the vendors expertise, economies of scale, and large and scalable labor pool (Offshoring Vs. Outsourcing, 2014). Offshoring vs. Outsourcing. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.diffen.com/ variation/Offshoring_vs_Outsourcing Inventory overthrowA measure of how often the company sells and replaces its line of descent. It is the ratio of annual cost of gross revenue t o the latest inventory. One can also interpret the ratio as the time to which inventory is held. For example a ratio of 26 implies that inventory is held, on average, for two weeks (365 days in a year divided by inventory turnover ratio of 26 equals 14 days pr 2 weeks average inventory holding period). It is best to use this ratio to compare companies within an industry (high turnover is a good sign) because there are huge differences in this ratio across industries (The Free Dictionary, 2013-2015). The Free Dictionary. (2013-2015). Inventory turnover. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Inventory+Turnover Just-in-time inventory (JIT)A supply chain management system designed to reduce carrying costs to a minimum. A firm only orders what it expects for its immediate needs therefore, it keeps a lowinventory. For example, if a retailer believes itwill sell 1,000 widgets in a week, it orders precisely 1,000 widgets from its manufacturer. JIT systems require t hat the retailer at the end of the supply chain can accurately predict demand for its products. They also require that each dress of the supply chain knows exactly how much time it takes to fill an order when it is made. The automotive industry and calculate retailers commonly use JIT systems (The Free Dictionary, 2012-2015). The Free Dictionary. (2012-2015). Just In Time. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Just-in-Time+Inventory+System Vender managed inventory (VMI)A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributors inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributors inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. To provided define it, lets look at 2 business models ( vendor Managed Inventory, 2015). Vendor Managed Inventory. (2015). Definition of Vendor Managed Inventory. Retrieved from http//www.vendormanagedinventory.com/definition.php forecastin g and demand managementThe use of historic data to determine the direction of future trends. Forecasting is used by companies to determine how to allocate their budgets for an upcoming period of time (Investopedia, 2015). Demand Management Macroeconomics procedure of monetary and fiscal policies to influence the aggregate demand for goods or services in an economy. During periods of high unemployment, governments attempts to pay off damand, and hence, production and employment and during periords of high inflation or balance fo payment problems to curb it ( Business Dictionary, 2015).Investopedia. (2015). Forecasting . Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/f/forecasting.aspBusiness Dictionary. (2015). Demand Management. Retrieved from http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/demand-management.html