Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Student evaluation form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student evaluation form - Essay Example Specific examples of such acts of professional behavior can be given in regards to how the student keep data and information confidential and monitors patients to ensure that patients stick precisely to prescription even if patients begin to record substantial degrees of recovery. The student shows positive inter-personal relationship with patients in terms of attending to their needs in the consulting room and in the office. Such inter-personal relationship is exhibited through the patience with which the trainee has in listening to the problems of patients and the patience taken to give out reasons and explanations as to why patients experience certain conditions. There however exists some little amount of limitation when it comes to rapport with staff. Specifically, the trainee often wants to work independently and is therefore not very comfortable with team work. As far as motivation is concerned, it can be said that the student has a very high level of intrinsic motivation that urges him to give off his best at work even when not asked to attend to certain tasks. This motivation is translated into regularity and punctuality to work (Ameyaw,

Monday, October 28, 2019

Assertions and Audit evidence Essay Example for Free

Assertions and Audit evidence Essay 1. The allowance for doubtful accounts is fairly presented in amount. * Valuation or allocation assertion 2. All accounts payable owed as of the balance sheet date are included in the financial statements. * Existence or occurrence assertion 3. All purchase returns recorded in the general ledger are valid. * Existence or occurrence assertion 4. The allowance for doubtful accounts is fairly presented in amount. * Valuation or allocation assertion 5. All accounts payable owed as of the balance sheet date are included in the financial statements. * Completeness assertion 6. All purchase returns recorded in the general ledger are valid. * Existence or occurrence assertion 7. A retail client values its inventory using the retail method of accounting. * Valuation or allocation assertion 8. A construction client uses the percentage of completion method for recognizing revenues. * Existence or occurrence assertion 9. A client has a defined benefit pension plan and does not have competent employees to write footnote disclosures. * Presentation and disclosure assertion – classifications and understandability 10. Slow-moving items included in inventory have been properly identified and priced. * Valuation or allocation assertion 11. A client financed the acquisition of assets using preferred stock that pays a 3 percent dividend and must be redeemed from the shareholders next year. * Rights and obligations assertion 1. Bank statement sent directly to the auditor by the bank. (1) – Most reliable 2. Creditor monthly statement obtained from clients files. (2) – Reliable, but subject to possible forgery 3. Vouchers in clients unpaid voucher file. (4) Least reliable 4. Duplicate sales invoices in filled order file. (4) Least reliable 5. Time tickets filed in payroll department. (4) Least reliable 6. Credit memo in customers file. (4) Least reliable 7. Material requisitions filed in storeroom. (4) Least reliable 8. Bank statement in clients files. (2) Generally reliable 9. Management working papers in making accounting estimates. (4) Least reliable 10. Paid checks returned with bank statement in (1) above. (3) Somewhat reliable 11. Letter in customer file from collection agency on collectability of balance. (2) Generally reliable 12. Memo in customer file from treasurer authorizing the write-off of the account. (4) Least reliable

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Black Jacobins Essay examples -- Essays Papers

The Black Jacobins The San Domingo revolution led to the abolition of slavery, independence of Haiti from France and the proclamation of a black republic. However, unlike many historians, CLR James in his work, The Black Jacobins, does not depict the struggle for independence as merely a slave revolt which happened to come after the French Revolution. He goes beyond providing only a recount of historical events and offers an intimate look at those who primarily precipitated the fall of French rule, namely the black slaves themselves. In doing so, James offers a perspective of black history which empowers the black people, for they are shown to actually have done something, and not merely be the subject of actions and attitudes of others. Even before the actual revolt, the slaves were not men who merely resisted; they were not passive objects. James offers graphic detail of the random and frequent beatings, killings and tortures in order to show the immense brutality of San Domingo's slavery. The severity and harshness of the slavery was due primarily to the fact that the colonists understood that "To cow [the slaves] into the necessary docility and acceptance necessitated a regime of calculated brutality and terrorism" (12) Throughout his account of San Domingos' slavery, James maintains the perseverance of the humanity of the slave population. The slaves did not succumb to their conditions by becoming inanimate objects devoid of any human qualities. Although the "majority of the slaves accommodated themselves to [the] brutality by a profound fatalism and a wooden stupidity before their masters", the slaves still maintained their intelligence and creativity. "The difficulty was that though one could trap them like animals, transport them in pens, work them alongside an ass or a horse and beat both with the same stick, stable them and starve them, they remained, despite their black skins and curly hair, quite invincibly human beings; with the intelligence and resentments of human beings" (11-12). Moreover, it "was this intelligence which refused to be crushed, these latent possibilities, that frightened the colonists, as it frightens the whites in Africa to-day" (18). Throughout The Black Jacobins, James emphasizes the struggle, the tension between the demands made by the society and the human need for expression. Although, "Many s... ...er the revolution, the mentality of the people of San Domingo was foreover changed. Slavery would never be accepted again by the inhabitants. "Any regime which tolerated such practices was doomed, for the revolution had created a new race of men" (242). This new race of men were aware of their self-importance. "There was no need to be ashamed of being a black. The revolution had awakened them, had given them the possibility of achievement, confidence and pride. That psychological weakness, that feeling of inferiority with which the imperialists poison colonial peoples everywhere, these were gone" (244). Thus, in The Black Jacobins, James does much more than retell the story of the San Domingo revolution. He shows the slave revolt to be an empowering example for all liberation movements. Thus, James hopes to stimulate the coming emancipation of Africa as well. James concludes The Black Jacobins by noting that "Imperialism vaunts its exploitation of the wealth of Africa for the benefit of civilisation. In reality, from the very nature of its system of production for profit it strangles the real wealth of the continent-the creative capacity of the African people" (377).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Proton Holdings Berhad Company Vision & Mission Critique Essay

The Critiques on Vision & Mission of Perusahaan Automobil Nasional (PROTON) Vision can be define as an inspire statement that consists of goal and objective that an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or long term future. It is intended to serves as a clear guide for choosing current and future course of action. It also becomes the driver statement that will lead the organization to achieve its objective and goals. Mission is a statement or a written declaration that consist of organization core purposes. Normally a mission statement remains unchanged over time. Mission statement serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, a statement that clearly state which markets will be served and how for business organization and a statement that communicate a sense of future direction to the whole organization. Vision and Mission statement for an organization must be clear and understandable by all staff  in the organization. Mission statement is slightly different from Vision statement, although both statements carry same objective which lead and drive the company by act as a railway path in order for a company keep track on all course of action to achieve the organization objective and target. A mission is something to be accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for that accomplishment. As mentioned earlier, it is important for a company to have its own Vision and Mission statement and it is import for both statements are logically achievable and understandable. A vision helps to lead the company to its main objective. A mission defines the organization purposes. Vision of PROTON is to be â€Å"A Leading Globally Mobility Solutions Provider†. Mission statement of PROTON is to â€Å"continuously create innovative processes, products & services that win people’s hearts & minds†. In my opinion, I do agree with the both Vision and Mission statements due to some reason and factors that will be briefly explain and critique on the next paragraph. The reason I agree with the Vision statement because of several factors that physically may be observe and analyze on the result that related to the statement. The word of â€Å"A Leading† describes the position of PROTON in the automotive industries in Malaysia. For past a few years back, PROTON did achieve on that level as a No 1 ranking car manufacturer and volume of sales in Malaysia Automotive industries. The ranking drop and become No 2 since year of Myvi launched by Perodua. The only reason PROTON drop in ranking due to several factors that makes the Brand name losing its customers confidence. Since PROTON share being bought by DRB-Hicom, this Vision statement has been impose and to lead the company to get back on the No 1 ranking not only in Malaysia Automotive Industries but ranking No 1 globally in term of mobility solution provider which will further explain on next paragraph. The word â€Å"Global† being used and presence since PROTON start to export car to United Kingdom and acquired LOTUS. For the financial year of 14/15, PROTON had exported almost 600 Units of various model of car (Proton Models) to almost 45% big automotive market around the globe. The emergence of Research & Development (RND) Division in Proton is also one of the main factors that the Vision statement has been setup as the Global Mobility Solutions Provider. With the ability to perform research and development on car engine, safety features and other related technology for developing a new car that meet the demand and current  requirement of global environmental act, PROTON set a target to be the leading Global Mobility solution provider which resulted to ensure PROTON excel in future. In order to perform this, a knowledge transfer and adoption of new technology being done by PROTON and it resulted from joint venture projects, exchange technology and others with various othe r automotive manufacturers around the world. The word of ‘Mobility† in the vision statement is referring to 6 main pillars of PROTON Business Structure. There are motor vehicles, technology provider, engineering services, manufacturing services, human capital development and supporting business. Motor vehicles manufacture refers to the development of passenger vehicles (Exora), Performance-niche (Preve, Suprima & Iriz), alternative propulsion (Saga EV, Exora EV, Preve EEV & Iriz EV-Prototype and has high intension to be develop and produce in future), commercial vehicles (All Model) and others (Prototype Engine). All this activity has shown a various results and this justify a positive feedback on the vision statement setup by PROTON. It also inline with the objective to be a leading global mobility solution provider where all the 6 pillars had to be works together, by having a good human capital development through a professional training and supporting business through increase number of sales volume and high thro ughput of Service revenue. Besides that, PROTON has various strategy implemented to ensure all this 6 pillar working together, by having a contract assembly, component manufacturing (Proton Parts Centre), Sales & Service, Financing, Insurance and other for PROTON to build and develop a good platform to achieve the level in leading global mobility solution provider. Besides that PROTON has the capacity to serve the concept of mobility solution provider because, under PROTON there is more than 1 brand that joint with PROTON such as LOTUS, MIYAZU, POTENZA and others. PROTON also has experienced adoption of different management, business operation for sales and service brand such as Mitsubishi and Honda. With all this, it shows that the Vision is achievable and logically states the ability of PROTON to be at that particular level in future. On the mission statement, it is verified that PROTON mission give and defines the organization as a whole. The word â€Å"Continuously Create† refers to the PROTON activity that continuous and constantly put an effort to deliver better solutions to target recipients which is the customers. A rapid development of new product technology and to rapidly close all issues  related to products failure become one of the major priority by PROTON. It is true that there is quite a lot of complaint on products but most of case solve within the time period set by the company. PROTON continuously develops an efficient and effective process in line with the needs and preference of the customer. For example, the appointment booking for service job done through phone call, reminder of service done by Customer Retention Executive, delivery of cars at the customer doors, and others. The words of â€Å"Innovative† give the definition of new or improved solutions that is beneficial to users or customer and environment. Customer always becomes the first priority to PROTON. In inventing a new te chnology and process, environmental issues and local act remain to be one of the factors to be looks into before any changes made. As at 2015, there is a zero cases Proton involvement in Environmental Issues in Malaysia. All environmental rules and regulation fully complied by PROTON. All PROTON Service equipment being certified with Jabatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Pekerja (JKKP) and follow the standard set by the government and local authority. â€Å"Process, Products and Services† refer to the Outcomes from the efforts and initiatives by PROTON. This can be seen by PROTON had impose rapidly training for all staff on the process operation, products knowledge and Service quality in order to ensure a good service provide to the customer. This also to ensure all service provided in line with the statement of â€Å"Win People’s Hearts & Minds† which desirable benefits by all stakeholders, especially to the customers and business partners. The main focus is to produce a quality services to all customers and to retain customer confidence on the service provided. This shows the commitment of PROTON to serve customer, stakeholders, employees and business partners by offering preferred and desired products and excellent services, delivering sustainable profit together with financial growth and sharing successes within the business process. As a conclusion, the Vision and Mission statement done by PROTON is clearly defines its objective and its target. It’s reflecting the management aspirations for PROTON perform in high performance with support of its capabilities and creates the competitive conditions. The mission statement clearly identifies PROTON products service, specifies the customer needs and strategy to fulfil it’s and shows PROTON identities. Furthermore, the Vision statement shows clearly the company future strategic core and direction  where PROTON should be in the future.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Summary of Everyday Use

Alice’s Walker’s, â€Å"Everyday Use†, tells a story of a southern, African American family that consist of Mama, the story’s narrator, and her two daughters, Dee, the oldest, and her sister, Maggie. Set during the back to Africa movement of the early 1970’s, when African Americans removed their surnames or names fully and adopted new names that represented their African heritage, Dee leaves home for college and returns to announce the change of her name from Dee to Wangero. She collects items that Mama and Maggie uses everyday to take with her, and finally tries to take a quilt that has been stitched together by her family for generations. â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker reveals the intracultural class within the Black community as African Americans struggle to piece together the elements of their lives that are both African and American into a cohesive whole. Alice Walker characterizes Dee as an aggressive, confident woman who normally gets what she wants. Mama recalls, â€Å"Dee wanted nice things†¦. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her effort†¦At sixteen she had a style of her own: and knew what style was† (paragraph 12). Dee has ambitions and goals and lets nothing stop her from reaching them. She has her own way of going about things and is determined to get her way no matter what. Highly intelligent and ambitious, Dee goes to school to further her education and to expand her horizon, and, while in college, Dee learns the culture of her people. However, Dee’s intelligence and ambition are characteristics that lead to the conflict in the story because they also reveal Dee’s naivety and the static nature of Walker’s character development. Because she always gets her way, Dee is single minded and does not see the clash she creates between herself and her family members. When she first returns home, she snaps photos of Mama and Maggie sitting on the porch as if they are artifacts of an old way of life, illustrating their setting in an old way of life, and her modern, Afro-centric world. She flaunts her education by reading to Mama and Maggie and gives unnecessary information as if they are dimwits further contrasting herself with her mother and sister, and does not realize the division she is causing. Dee has gotten all that she has wanted; however, her education does not indicate a dynamic development in her character. The level of Dee’s greed and superiority are finally revealed as she tries to take a quilt Mama has promised to Maggie. Dee and Mama argue for a while then Dee claims, â€Å"Maggie can’t appreciate these quilts†¦They’re riceless†¦You just don’t understand†¦Your heritage† (paragraph 66-81). Dee knows the objects are of valuable, so she wants to show them off, in her world, as an example of her coming from nothing to the college educated woman she has become. Walker’s character development allows the setting to show in the contrast of Dee’s world, her stroking hand adorned in bangles as pa rt of her African grab, against the faded much used quilt from Mama and Maggie’s world. Dee believes Mama doesn’t understand her own heritage because the quilt is rare and valuable, and she doesn’t see why Maggie, who doesn’t know how valuable the quilts are and will put it to everyday use, should have them. Even though Dee is gifted and excels in school, she is completely unaware that her true cultural heritage, honor, survival, family and family history, have been passed down through generations. Driven by ego and blinded to the truth, Dee thinks her culture is found in books rather than the stitches of the quilts, the fabric of her mother’s promise to her children. Mama wants to honor her promise to give the quilts to Maggie, and it was Mama who provided Dee with the opportunity to receive an education, â€Å"But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school† (paragraph 11). Dee, however, does not realize the history of her culture is not just in the quilts, the items and pictures, but the people that take the knowledge and abilities they learned from their ancestors to provide for the current and next generation; that’s why culture heritage can not be learned in school. On the other hand, Maggie, the sister who does not go to school, is fully aware of her cultural heritage. Maggie, being very family-orientated, reveals the knowledge of her family. Dee asks for the dasher, her friend asks if Uncle Buddy had made it and they both look at Mama for confirmation, but it was Maggie who says, â€Å"Aunt Dee’s first husband whittled the dash†¦His name was Henry, but they called him Stash† (paragraph 52). In recognition of Maggie’s expertise of the family’s history Dee says Maggie has the brain of an elephant; meaning she remembers a lot. Maggie comprehends the family history and can identify what responsibilities people in the family possessed. Mama’s brother-in-law, her sister’s husband, helped Mama’s family by making them a dasher; Walker uses this to illustrate how united their families are because they assist each other when needed. In addition, they gave Mama’s brother-in-law a nickname; nicknames are a sign of affection and Maggie calls him by his nickname which shows their close relationship. Maggie inherited her culture customs. Mama explains, â€Å"She knows she is not bright†¦She will marry John Thomas and then I’ll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself† (paragraph 13). Maggie will become like her mom and keep the tradition of the southern black woman because she too is uneducated, will marry, and raise kids. Walker reveals the cultural heritage of southern blacks that they are supposed to get married and raise children. Maggie tells Mama Dee can have the quilt, which was promised to her, and she can remember her grandmother without the quilt. Maggie says, â€Å"She can have them, Mama†¦I can ‘member Grandma Dee without the quilts† (paragraph 74). Then Mama explains, â€Å"It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds oh her skirt† (paragraph 75). Maggie doesn’t need the quilt to remember her grandmother because she has memories which are more valuable to her than the quilt. The quilt is just a symbol of the memories Maggie had with her grandmother. Grandma Dee and Big Dee taught Maggie the skill of quilting which has been passed down through family generations. This shows the cultural heritage of the family that they are skilled quilt makers. Maggie is very family-orientated she learns the family skill of making quilts, has knowledge of the family tree and its history. Maggie is very close with her family because she calls them by their nicknames and has plenty of memories of the family. She will continue to pass on the culture heritage of the family by marrying, having children, teaching her children how to quilt, and keeping the family close together as did the people before her; she is her family cultural heritage. What makes the story well written is because it reminds people that they are their cultural heritage and that’s not something people can just get from a one dimensional textbook. It shows how two people can be raised by the same mother and have a different view of life, as in they are sisters by blood, grow up in the same house, and be so far apart. There is one sibling, Dee, she has a lot of text book knowledge of her people’s history, but loses touch with her own cultural heritage, and than there is the other sister, Maggie, she has no text book knowledge of her people’s history but is living proof of her people’s history. A great lesson people need to learn because people are losing touch with their family morals and becoming less family orientated, which is weakening a lot of families. United people stand together and divided people falls, which is the key lesson the story, teaches and makes it a well written story because it is able to take something that is happening in real life and reflects it to where an average person can relate.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Example

Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Example Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Essay Topic: The Breadwinner The Metamorphosis Gregor Sams in Metamorphosis Unit 1 Question 1 In the book The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). However, he hates the traveling and the constant anxiety added to the fact that he cannot make more than just acquaintances. The job requires Gregor to get up early but he dislikes the idea. To make the situation worse, his manager appears to be very cruel in his leadership and Gregor would have wanted to quit the job were it not for him supporting his parents. Question 2 Gregor is the breadwinner in his family since he has to provide for his parents and sister, Grete, with the returns he gets from his job as a commercial traveler. His father is demeaning and demanding despite the fact that he is engulfed in business debts and bankruptcy. Gregor’s father is highly indebted to his manager and this situation forces Gregor to commit to his work. Therefore, Gregor is obliged to maintain his career even though he does not like it at all. After his metamorphosis into an insect, Gregor ceases to be of importance since he can barely control of his body and he loses his job. His father drives him away to his room by using a stick and this shows a reversed role where Gregor is lowly regarded by his father yet before his metamorphosis, the father depended on his efforts at work. Question 4 After the transformation, Gregor is more worried about being late for work than he is about himself. This character trait shows that he lacks inspiration and anything to look forward to in life. He is not enthusiastic with other aspects of life because he has a low self-esteem and sees himself as nothing more than his family’s breadwinner. He detests his job and feels that the colleagues are often gossiping about him thus, the grotesque image he gets after the transformation is a vivid impression of his inner soul. Gregor is not self-conscious and he has already adapted to the boring routine life. Question 5 When Gregor’s parents first see the gigantic insect, they do not recognize it as their son. Gregor’s father pushes him away back to his room with a stick. He might have been astonished since he clenches and starts crying but disgusted with the sight of the insect. The mother faints when she sees Gregor crawling because she is also astonished and is in disbelief of the occurrence. Their initial reactions suggest that they view Gregor as an insignificant creature, which is scary and no longer useful to them Unit 2 Question 1 The things that have changed in Gregor’s life are his physical appearance, his eating habits and his role in the family. Physically, Gregor has become a typical insect depicted by feelers, numerous thin legs, a hard back, and a segmented belly (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). His voice also changes and it becomes unclear since he cannot be heard by neither the manager nor the rest of his family when he responds to them while locked in his room. Instead of milk, he can only eat rotten food scraps. He ceases to be the family’s breadwinner since he loses his job because of his condition and instead of people looking up to him as before, they are disgusted by his sight. However, Gregor’s perception of himself and perspective of life remain the same. Before the metamorphosis, Gregor’s life is plain and boring with lack of inspiration and he accepts his new physical condition despite its ugliness. He still feels devastated that his family has financial constraints instea d of worrying about himself. Question 2 From Gregor’s point of view, the positive aspects of his metamorphosis into an insect are that he ceases to work in the dreadful field characterized by the cruelty of his boss and that he no longer has the heavy responsibility of providing for his family. He enjoys the freedom of crawling around on the ground and on walls without the thought of waking up early everyday to go to work. Although the conditions for the metamorphosis are tough, for the first time Gregor is able to relax. His sister Grete gives him feeds him and cleans his room but stops being compassionate towards the end of the story. The transformation, in disguise, made his life simpler than it was earlier. Question 3 The first section of the story before Gregor’s metamorphosis, it is apparent that his life is miserable throughout the narration. His days are boring since he has to follow a certain routine of worrying about travels and train connections. In addition, Gregor feels like the acquaintances he meets on his way are nothing more than that and the food he eats on his journey is not enjoyable (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). His boss is very insensitive at work and Gregor loses morale. He ends up in frustration and desperation because he is dissatisfied with the disparities of life. His life lacks zeal because he is always on the move and has inadequate interaction with people hence, no social ties. Question 4 Gregor’s father reveals the existence of enough money to cater for their needs for a short while. Gregor learns that his father had accumulated some savings five years before his business failed. He also finds out that some of his earnings had been put away by his family without his knowledge. When Gregor learns the truth about the family’s finances, he feels proud to have contributed to their wellbeing since not all the money he gave his parents was spent. He feels embarrassed upon hearing the discussion of the parents suggesting employment to avoid spending the savings because the father and mother seem incapable of being employed. He looks for something to preserve as soon as he moves beneath the sofa after the mother and sister have moved much of the furniture. Unit 3 Question 1 Three boarders come to live with the Samsas and they occupy the living room. These characters are significant in the story because they reveal the efforts of the family in trying to make a living amidst the financial struggles. The boarders live with the Samsas on condition that they pay the rent. This shows how the parents ventured into other means of making a living despite Gregor’s irreversible condition that brought his job to a halt. By being disgusted at the sight of Gregor in the form of an insect, they show the value of cleanliness and neatness in the environment. From their point of view, insects thrive in dirty places and since they reacted negatively to Gregor’s appearance, they communicate the importance of cleanliness. Furthermore, Kafka (2002) might have desired to incorporate the different themes such as selfishness and greed to show how they were conformed to indifference. He might have not specified them according to names because they all fell in the same category. All three represent similar traits and themes. Question 2 Gregor is wounded because his father threw apples at him and one fell squarely on his back and it became permanently lodged. Gregor felt immense pain and it altered his movement. His father reacted in that manner because he found the mother unconscious and thought Gregor tried to attack her. The incident symbolizes how his family undermines him and how his life before the metamorphosis was difficult within his environment. One apple after another hit his back and finally destroys his wellbeing. This might symbolize how his routine work depressed him continuously before he transformed into an insect. His injury is a reflection of the miseries he had in his human life. Question 3 When his sister, Grete plays the Violin, Gregor is interested and he attempts to move to the parlor where she is. He is elated by her talent and wishes to be alone with her in his bedroom so that he can unveil his plan to her. The sister plays the violin in the parlor to entertain the boarders but sadly, they lose interest. His plan is sending her to music school where she can nurture and express more of her talent. This response shows that Gregor is compassionate and devoted he is by wanting the best for every member of her family. He is dedicated to the responsibilities he has and intends to be a caring and loving brother (Kafka Kiesel, 2002). Question 4 Gregor’s sister, Grete is the first to decide that she must ‘get rid’ of the insect. As she plays the violin who eventually become disinterested, Gregor crawls to the parlor to listen when one of the boarders spot him and reacts disgustedly. They threaten the Gregor’s father by saying they will leave and not pay rent but he moves them out of the parlor. Given the difficult financial situation the family is in because Gregor can no longer work, losing in come in the form of rent proves to be a great disappointment. Therefore, Grete suggests that they should assume the insect is not Gregor and get rid of it. According to Grete, Gregor is the reason to their suffering. When Gregor overhears the conversation and feels awful because he has become a liability to the household. His life appears to be meaningless to him since he believes he brought suffering to their lives with his transformation. He finally dies by morning. Unit 4 Question 1 According to Whitlark (2012), in the story, the characters that undergo change include Gregor, his parents and his sister. Gregor’s transformation is obvious in the beginning since he physically changes into a giant insect. He no longer has his human body, which would allow him to run his daily errands normally. His life also changes from being the family’s breadwinner to becoming the family’s dependant. Prior to his metamorphosis, he provided for his family with the payment he received from work. He has become worthless and a nuisance to the point that his family plans to get rid of him because they believe he is the reason for their suffering. His parents are also transformed into productive people when they realize that Gregor can no longer provide for them because of his status. They begin discussing about chances of employment as the father is a bank attendant and the mother sews lingerie for a boutique. The family also sells jewelry to create income and th is shows how hardworking they have become. On the other hand, Grete’s personality changes towards the end when she wishes to get rid of the brother. She stops having sympathy for Gregor as before when she cared for him, fed him and cleaned his room. She stops seeing the humane part of Gregor. Question 2 The narrator strongly implies that Gregor starves himself to death. Other forces that might have led to Gregor’s death are guilt and rejection. Gregor feels guilty that he cannot provide for his family anymore when he listens to the discussion on their financial situation for the first time. He feels that he has become a burden to them because he cannot do anything constructive or contribute to their welfare. He wishes that he could do more as shown by his intention for his sister’s future with her talent of playing the violin. The fact that he is an insect has led people around him to undermine him and treat him cruelly. His father chases him away to his room with a stick and goes further to dent his back by strongly throwing apples towards him. His mother, the boarders and his manager are horrified by his presence. He sees no sense worth living and therefore loses hope. This situation is made worse when he realizes the family wants to get rid of him. Question 3 When Gregor transforms into an insect, his family stop viewing him as a man of importance because he no longer can help them financially. In addition, he has become a burden to them because he needs to be fed and he scares potential customers and people away. On the other hand, the family is pushed to be hardworking and productive because they realize that they have to meet their needs despite their financial struggles. They indulge in businesses such as selling jewelry and the father becomes a bank attendant. The father also reveals some savings that could salvage them. They become more informed although inconsiderate of Gregor’s well being. This effect suggests that the relationship between Gregor was only bound by financial providence (Whitlark, 2012). He lacked an intimate relationship with them Question 4 Gregor’s metamorphosis is symbolic because when he transforms into an insect, we can understand all the difficulties he persevered while in his human form. His grotesque appearance scares people away therefore; he cannot have an intimate relationship with them. Before his transformation, he complained about his acquaintances being distant. He did not have a chance to know them better. Gregor became lonely and might have yearned to know the meaning of his existence (Whitlark, 2012). As an insect, he is secluded from the rest as he spends time in his room. Another aspect of symbolism is evident when the father hits him with apples inconsiderately thinking that he attacked the mother. Kafka may have wanted to show how Gregor’s boss mistreated him in his job. As an insect, his father is in charge of him and sees him everyday while the case was the same with his boos back at work before he was an insect. Both have authority over him in the different environments. References Kafka, F., Kiesel, H. (2002). Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and other writings. New York: Continuum. Whitlark, J. (2012). The metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Victorian England essays

Victorian England essays England was involved in many conflicts during the 17th century which ended in Napoleons defeat at Waterloo in 1815, in which France was defeated. Now England was entering into an era of relative peace, political and social stability which was called the Victorian Period. Historically the Victorian era is defined by the Monarchy of Queen Victoria reign (1837-1901). She was a constitutional monarch, which meant that the Monarchy had few powers and who was expected to remain above party politics. She ruled England with a Parliament and two Houses, The House of Lords and the House of Commons. England had grown with its colonial interests to be a world power. Victorian society witnessed a massive transformation in many fields. Advancements in science, technology and engineering changed and shaped England. Victorian England was a time of new growth, with its military, government and economy becoming the backbone of the Victorian Age. Generally the soldier that was in the army was of a low social stratus. A soldier had to pay for his own uniform and food costs, all on one shilling a day; a bricklayer was paid four shilling a day. If you did not like your job you could quit, in the army you were in for 21 years and you were flogged for trivial infractions. Thus the army was filled with the lowest of society, people escaping poverty, criminals and tramps. The Victorian Age needed a different and bigger army. England had new colonies in North America, Australia and India. It was not fighting a traditional war. England needed troops to protect these colonies and protect the valuable goods that were coming from them. The Army looked at different recruitment methods that allowed the men to stay closer to home at their bases. Sons followed fathers into the Army, nice uniforms; better rationing made it more appealing. The officer corps changed in that the nobility and upper classes served to lead the troops. England used this ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish Hark, the Herald Angels Sing is one of the hundreds of hymns written by Englishman Charles Wesley  in the 19th century. This song has been modified over the many years since; here are Spanish lyrics for two of the verses: Escuchad el son triunfal Escuchad el son triunfal de la hueste celestial:Paz y buena voluntad; salvacià ³n Dios os dar.Cante hoy toda nacià ³n la angelical cancià ³n;estas nuevas todos den: Nacià ³ Cristo en Belà ©n.  ¡Salve, Prà ­ncipe de Paz! Redencià ³n traà ­do has,luz y vida con virtud, en tus alas la salud.De tu trono has bajado y la muerte conquistadopara dar al ser mortal nacimiento celestial. English Translation of the Spanish Lyrics Listen to the triumphal sound of the celestial host:Peace and good will; God will give us salvation.Each nation, sing today the angelical song;Give this good news: Christ was born in Bethlehem. Hail, Prince of Peace! Redemption you have broughtLight and life with virtue, health in your wings.You have come down from your throne and conquered deathit order to give celestial birth to the mortal being. Translation Notes escuchad: If youve studied only Latin American Spanish, you may not know this verb form well. Its the second-person plural familiar imperative (command) form of escuchar, the form that goes with vosotros. This word, then, means you (plural) listen or simply listen. el son: This isnt related to son the verb, but is a word meaning sound. In everyday speech, youre far more likely to heard the word sonido. de: De is one of the most common of Spanish prepositions. It is almost always translated as of or from; either translation would work here. la hueste: This uncommon word has the same meaning as the English cognate host in the context of this song. In current usage, las huestes is a bit more common as a way of saying the army forces. buena voluntad: Goodwill. os dar: Os is an object pronoun meaning you (plural) that youll hear mostly in Spain, very little in Latin America, although it is still commonly used in Latin America for liturgical use. So salvacià ³n Dios os dar means God will give you salvation. cante: Cante here is a subjunctive form of cantar, to sing. Cante hoy cada nacià ³n could be translated as may each nation sing. toda: Toda is the feminine singular form of todo. In singular form, todo typically is the equivalent of each; as plural, it usually means all.: estas nuevas: Nuevas is one way of saying news, so estas nuevas would be this news. The word is plural even though it translates as singular in Spanish. den: This is a plural command or plural present subjunctive form of dar, to give. estas nuevas todos den: This sentence uses an inverted word order, which is fairly common in song lyrics and poetry. This sentence could be translated as may all give the good news. Belà ©n: The Spanish name for Bethlehem. It is not uncommon for cities, especially those known centuries ago, to have different names in different languages. salve: In this song, salve is an interjection of greeting, meaning something like Hail! in English. Redencià ³n traà ­do has: Another case of inverted word order. The typical structure would be Has traà ­do redencià ³n, you have brought redemption. Note that this verse is sung to the savior rather than about the savior as in the English version of the hymn. ala: An ala is a wing, as of a bird. This is a metaphorical usage here; en tus alas la salud could very loosely be translated as with healing on your wings. trono: Throne. has bajado: You have come down. Bajado here is an example of a past participle. la muerte conquistado: Another inverted word order. In normal speech, has conquistado la muerte would be more common for you have conquered death. Conquistado here is also a past participle. para: Para is a common preposition that is sometimes used to indicate the purpose or utility of a thing or action. As such, it sometimes is translated as in order to.   ser: Here, ser is functioning as a noun meaning being rather than a verb meaning to be. In Spanish, most infinitives can function as nouns. nacimiento: Birth. Nacimiento is a noun form of nacer, to be born.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Sustanibilty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustanibilty - Essay Example Jeff’s argument of focusing on the costs of production was an important aspect because Nike’s revenue was mostly from this pool. On the other hand, Nike’s response was not convincing. Their response that the labor conditions of its contractors were not their concern was not a proper response. Like any other production company, it is necessary to evaluate the production principles of your partners or contractors. Their response was a selfish response that showed that they were concerned about profits, rather than the welfare of the employees and other stakeholders. Their response to the realization of the severity of the labor issue should have been done in the initial periods. At that time, they would have reduced the pressure that was rising in the labor market. The competitors such as Reebok used this opportunity to increase their competitive advantage while Nike was continuing to be stubborn. Nike did not handle the publicity surrounding its labor practices in a positive way. They waited for the labor issue to be amplified before they reacted. They reacted very late when the damage had been made. Had they acted earlier enough, they would have prevented the issues that arose from the labor unrest in its major distribution platforms. For example, when the criticism arose, they should have taken the initiative of evaluating the labor environment and making the possible changes. On entry into the market, Nike should have surveyed the minimum wages and provided considerable wages to its employees. It should have also evaluated its hiring platform to allow for the hiring of competitive and age appropriate individuals. This issue would have prevented the allegations that arose from the use of underage children in their production. They should also have involved major stakeholders such as the government, the unions, and other bodies in designing the employee rights and wages. In Vietnam, a fair

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft - Essay Example The products offered by Microsoft include; Windows, Office; entertainment products such as Xbox 360 and others and all these products are relatively price inelastic. The demand of these products is very high and as it has been found that people have become accustomed of using products offered by Microsoft. As people are willingly purchasing products of the company such as Microsoft Word is being purchased although people have the option to use Word already installed in Windows, therefore it shows that people are ready to buy products of Microsoft. Therefore the products offered by Microsoft are relatively price inelastic despite of the increasing investment made competitors such as Apple. Although the market has become a lot more competitive than it was few years back. Therefore Microsoft has to continue working hard to improve their existing products. Microsoft has been working to enhance its revenues and following strategies have been suggested on how Microsoft can improve its revenues: a. Microsoft can segregate its products on the basis of the consumer demand and then analyze the relatively price elastic or relatively price inelastic of each of the product of the company. This would allow Microsoft to understand and analyze how the total revenue of the company can be increased by considering each and every product. For instance, Microsoft Word can be considered as highly price inelastic and its demand would not change drastically even if the company increases its price by 15%. So in such cases, to increase the revenues the company should increase the price. Similarly, if the price of a product is relatively elastic, then it could analyze the price at which the company would be able to achieve maximum profits even if they have to reduce the price of the product. b. As it has been found that consumers are still facing issues like unemployment, higher prices

Friday, October 18, 2019

Origin on the Cold War in the period 1945 to about 1952 Essay

Origin on the Cold War in the period 1945 to about 1952 - Essay Example First, it is important to note that after World War II, the Big Three met at the Yalta Conference on April 12th, 1945. The Big Three allied leaders included the Soviet Leader, Joseph Stalin, the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The purpose of the Yalta Conference was to institute arrangements for a postwar world order, given that the world had just come from World War II. Although the leaders arrived at a contradictory consensus on the need for respect, democracy throughout Europe, and the recognition of a de facto Soviet Union sphere of influence throughout eastern Europe. It is also at this Yalta Conference that these Allies made final touches on plans to divide Germany according to separate zones of occupation. This development portrays the US and the Soviet Union as being in charge of the world affairs, since Britain’s superpower had atrophied, following its heavy involvement in World War I and II. This means th at the US and the Soviet Union had a strong sway on the pattern international relations and global politics would take. Thus, it is impossible to absolve them of the guilt of spreading the East-West conflict. In another wavelength, the events that took place on July 16th, 1945 and August 6th 1945 also helped exacerbate East-West tension. Particularly, on July 16th, 1945, American scientists successfully tested the first atomic bomb in New Mexico, Alamogordo. Later on, on August 6th 1945, Enola Gay, a US bomber detonated the atomic bomb, Little Boy in Hiroshima. This event is important since its instant devastation shocked the world and ushered in the nuclear age. Later on August 1945, Bockscar, an American plane dropped an atomic bomb Fat Man, on Nagasaki. This helped embolden the Soviet Union’s resolve to enter the nuclear arms race. Although the US intended to use these incidents as incentives to end World War II and dominance in world politics and foreign policy, yet the S oviet Union followed the act closely by detonating its first atomic bomb at the Semipalatinsk Test Site which is at Kazakhstan. This move by the Soviet Union did not only end America’s monopoly of atomic weapons, but also set off a chain of reactions. In 1952 for instance, this arms race became so intensive, as the US assembled and tested its first thermonuclear bomb. America and the Soviet Union’s culpability is seen in the fact that they acted on the manner they perceived each other, just as the theory of constructivism in international relations posit. In this case, the Soviet Union and the United deemed security as a competitive value and a relative concept wherein the realization of security for a state portended the forfeiture of security for the other state. It is because of this suspicion that the former Secretary of State for the US, John F. Dulles announced the adoption of Massive Retaliation as a foreign policy, on January 1954. The essence of this policy wa s that any significant act of attack or aggression by the Soviet Union was to be met with massive nuclear response. This fuelled the acrimony between the Soviet Union and the US since it is against this backdrop that America and the Soviet Union began to engage in Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). Wendt points out that the animosity that continued to fester between the US and the Soviet Union may have further been underpinned by the pursuit of ideas that are based on realism.

Employment law paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment law paper - Essay Example This is simply because any act of a supervisor can be construed to be the act of an employer, especially when an employee is impacted on a job benefit. In cases where the employee is not impacted in tangible terms, here the employers can limit the liability under the following defense: a) The employer has been noted to exercise reasonable care for the prevention of any form of harassment, and b) The employee has not taken complete advantage of any preventive measures that have been provided by the employers. The EEOC General Counsel explains that the cases that involve the English only rule or any restrictive language policies and any language discrimination are given first importance for the commission. As per the EEOC, employers cannot and must not target the workers based on discrimination based on fears, stereotypes or even fear of the language or country of origin. Based on the Title VII, Sears has clearly violated the law, as it clearly explains, no employment discrimination based on any factor like race, age, color, sex, national origin or even religion is allowed. In this case Mary has been fired from the company for speaking in Spanish on the sales floor with a co-worker. This is clearly a violation of the law and clearly shows discrimination against the employees. The fact that the employees are allowed to talk in Spanish with the customers however not with the coworkers, is a clear discrimination. Mary could have been given a warning however, not fired as it is not ethical an d completely violates the Title VII and the EEOC rules. The Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications allows the employers to make discrimination and permits them to employers of American Airlines to discriminate and to make the pilots and flight attendants to work on religious holidays as well. This however is not fair and it is important to understand, when companies prefer to have a diversified work force, it is

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Gideon v. Wainwright Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gideon v. Wainwright - Case Study Example In Betts v. Brandy, 316 U.S. 455 (1942), the court modified this doctrine slightly, ruling, â€Å"that whether or not a lawyer was required would depend on the circumstances of whether a lack of representation affected a denial of due process, rendering the trial unfair. Due to the difficulty of proving the high standard of a due process violation, nearly all such cases involved the death penalty. This view had not changed by the late 1960’s. Today when an individual is apprehended by the police, he is informed of his constitutional rights; through being Mirandized, wherein he is informed that he is entitled to have representation and that if he can not afford an attorney, one will be appointed for him. In 1961 Clarence Earl Gideon had been charged with burglary for breaking into a pool hall in Panama City Bay County, Florida and taking money from the vending machines. He appeared in court too poor to afford counsel, whereupon the following conversation took place: The Court: Mr. Gideon, I am sorry, but I can not appoint counsel to represent you in this case. Under the laws of the state of Florida, the only time the court can appoint counsel to represent a defendant is when the person is charged with a 2 capital offence. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint counsel to defend you in this case.... penitentiary. From his prison cell and making ample use of the prison library, Gideon appealed to the United States Supreme Court based on the fact that he had been denied counsel and therefore his fourteenth Amendment rights had been violated without due process of law. Mr. Gideon brought habeas corpus proceedings against the Director of the Division of Corrections. The Florida Supreme Court, 135 So 2 d 746, denied all relief, and Mr. Gideon brought certiorari. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari to review judgment of the Florida Supreme Court denying habeas corpus on the ground that indigent defendant in criminal prosecution in state court has no right to have counsel appointed for him (372 U.S. 335) Mr. Justice Black held that the sixth Amendment to the federal constitution providing that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to assistance of counsel for his defense is made obligatory on the states by the3 fourteenth amendment, and that an indigent defendant in a criminal prosecution in a state court has the right to have counsel appointed too him. Like Gideon, Betts sought release be habeas corpus, alleging that he had been denied the right to assistance of counsel in violation of the fourteenth amendment, Betts was denied any relief, and on review this court affirmed. It was held that a refusal to appoint counsel for an indigent defendant charged with a felony did not necessarily violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment,

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS Essay

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS - Essay Example The record technology was improved till 1980s when cassette technology was introduced which displaced the vinyl records significantly. The popularity of cassette went down when compact disc and mini disc were introduced in 1990s. Differences Size: Initially, the records were as big as 16 inches in diameter which was reduced to as low as 7 inches by the time. However, the most popular models used in that time were 12 inches. On the other side, Compact discs are only 4.75 inches in diameter which makes it a much more flexible product. Compact Disc also comes in small sizes, commonly know as Mini CD. The diameter of these Mini CDs ranges from 2.4 to 3.1 inches. The smaller is the size, the lesser will be data capacity. Production: Records are created with an element called black lacquer vinyl, which is the reason it is commonly called Vinyl Record. Contrary, CDs are developed with 1.2 millimeters thick polycarbonate plastic coated with aluminum and a thin translucent acrylic protective coating (Morgan). A CD weights around 15 to 20 grams. The thin layer of aluminum makes it reflective. A lacquer layer is used for spinning and label printing. Wear and Tear: Records are less likely to be abandoned and torn as compared to Compact Discs. Vinyl records are â€Å"hard† records, made up with black lacquer. ... CDs are susceptible to skips and clicks whereas Vinyle records usually play in any situation since they are analog. Price: The price of records is much higher because of the high cost expenditure incurred in manufacturing process. However, Compact Discs are comparatively cheaper and can stored hefty amount of data. Sound Quality: Vinyl records can play music as good as CDs. The difference is extremely small and negligible (Vinyl Vs. CD Part 3. Sound Difference Between LP’s and CD’s). After researching thoroughly, it is concluded that some extreme music lovers still prefer Vinyl over CDs, claiming the sound quality of Vinyl is richer. However, the differences in the sound quality are nearly inaudible to a normal human being and Vinyl and CDs overshadow each other only in some genre of music. Recording/Writing: Vinyl records needs a vinyl cutter for recording or copying songs in a record. These vinyl cutters are extremely expensive, costing about $10,000, thus making it i mpossible for common people to have it in their possession. Contrary, CDs can be written with the help of CD burner which are cheaply available in market, ranging from $15 to $25. Moreover, CD-R is a kind of Compact Disc which has the re-write feature. There is also a major difference between analog and digital recording. Analog recording is used in recording vinyl records, which varies a property or characteristic of a physical recording medium through air pressure (Elsea). Contrary, digital recording is developed when the physical properties of the original sound are converted into sequence number through an analog-to-digital converter which makes it able to be recorded and read back through a digital medium such as CD (Elsea, Basics of

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Gideon v. Wainwright Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gideon v. Wainwright - Case Study Example In Betts v. Brandy, 316 U.S. 455 (1942), the court modified this doctrine slightly, ruling, â€Å"that whether or not a lawyer was required would depend on the circumstances of whether a lack of representation affected a denial of due process, rendering the trial unfair. Due to the difficulty of proving the high standard of a due process violation, nearly all such cases involved the death penalty. This view had not changed by the late 1960’s. Today when an individual is apprehended by the police, he is informed of his constitutional rights; through being Mirandized, wherein he is informed that he is entitled to have representation and that if he can not afford an attorney, one will be appointed for him. In 1961 Clarence Earl Gideon had been charged with burglary for breaking into a pool hall in Panama City Bay County, Florida and taking money from the vending machines. He appeared in court too poor to afford counsel, whereupon the following conversation took place: The Court: Mr. Gideon, I am sorry, but I can not appoint counsel to represent you in this case. Under the laws of the state of Florida, the only time the court can appoint counsel to represent a defendant is when the person is charged with a 2 capital offence. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint counsel to defend you in this case.... penitentiary. From his prison cell and making ample use of the prison library, Gideon appealed to the United States Supreme Court based on the fact that he had been denied counsel and therefore his fourteenth Amendment rights had been violated without due process of law. Mr. Gideon brought habeas corpus proceedings against the Director of the Division of Corrections. The Florida Supreme Court, 135 So 2 d 746, denied all relief, and Mr. Gideon brought certiorari. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari to review judgment of the Florida Supreme Court denying habeas corpus on the ground that indigent defendant in criminal prosecution in state court has no right to have counsel appointed for him (372 U.S. 335) Mr. Justice Black held that the sixth Amendment to the federal constitution providing that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to assistance of counsel for his defense is made obligatory on the states by the3 fourteenth amendment, and that an indigent defendant in a criminal prosecution in a state court has the right to have counsel appointed too him. Like Gideon, Betts sought release be habeas corpus, alleging that he had been denied the right to assistance of counsel in violation of the fourteenth amendment, Betts was denied any relief, and on review this court affirmed. It was held that a refusal to appoint counsel for an indigent defendant charged with a felony did not necessarily violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment,

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Bill of Rights 2nd Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bill of Rights 2nd Amendment - Essay Example 1). Arms in this case include any kind of firearms (handguns, rifles, and shotgun among others). The Second Amendment, as intended by the founding fathers, gives individuals the constitutional right to bear arms although the state reserves the mandate to regulate their ownership and use. This paper will analyze the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States in light of its history and controversial nature. Although the Second Amendment was ratified in December 1791, it was passed by Congress on September 25, 1789 (National Constitution Center par. 1). The history of the Second Amendment to the American Constitution traces its roots to the English law which held that people have natural rights to defend themselves against aggression. Before the American Revolution English Settlers in America held the view that the right to bear arms or state militia was important for several reasons. Some of the reasons that that they assigned to bearing arms included: to repel invasion; to facilitate self-defense; for law enforcement; to suppress insurrection; to prevent tyrannical government; and to enable the organization of a militia system (Adams 47). This was indeed the case in the different states that today make up the United States as evidenced by their individual constitutions. For example, the Constitution of Pennsylvania expressly stated that the people have a right to arms for which they c an use to defend the state or themselves. Before the American Revolution took place, colonists who pledged their allegiance to the British government bore arms, forming a colonial militia (Adams 82). However, with the passage of time some colonists developed mistrust for the British government and by extension, distrust toward those who were loyal to it. The colonists who favored independence from British rule established colonial legislatures that were free of the control of the British government. They used these

Monday, October 14, 2019

APJ Abdul Kalam Essay Example for Free

APJ Abdul Kalam Essay Introduction A savanna, or savannah, is a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses.[1][2][3] The oak savanna is a common type of savanna in the Northern Hemisphere. Some classification systems[which?] also recognize a grassland savanna from which trees are absent.[4] This article deals only with savanna under the common definition of a grassy woodland with a significant woody plant component. It is often believed that savannas feature widely spaced, scattered trees. However, in many savannas, tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest. Savannas are also characterized by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall confined to one season. Savannas are associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently in a transitional zone between forest and desert or grassland. Savanna covers approximately 20% of the Earths land area. Etymology Cerrado savanna, Brazil. Although the term savanna is believed to have originally come from an Arawak word describing land which is without trees but with much grass either tall or short (Oviedo y Valdes, 1535), by the late 1800s it was used to mean land with both grass and trees. It now refers to land with grass and either scattered trees or an open canopy of trees. Spanish explorers familiar with the term sabana called the grasslands they found around the Orinoco River llanos, as well as calling Venezuelan and Colombian grasslands by that specific term. Cerrado was used on the higher savannas of the Brazilian Central Plateau. Distribution Many grassy landscapes and mixed communities of trees, shrubs, and grasses were described as savanna before the middle of the 19th century, when the concept of a tropical savanna climate became established. The Kà ¶ppen climate classification system was strongly influenced by effects of temperature and precipitation upon tree growth, and his oversimplified assumptions resulted in a tropical savanna classification concept which resulted in it being considered as a climatic climax formation. The common usage meaning to describe vegetation now conflicts with a simplified yet widespread climatic concept meaning. The divergence has sometimes caused areas such as extensive savannas north and south of the Congo and Amazon Rivers to be excluded from mapped savanna categories.[5] Barrens has been used almost interchangeably with savanna in different parts of North America. Sometimes midwestern savanna were described as grassland with trees. Different authors have defined the lower limits of savanna tree coverage as 5–10% and upper limits range as 25–80% of an area.[6] Two factors common to all savanna environments are rainfall variations from year to year, and dry season wildfires. In the Americas, e.g. in Belize, Central America, savanna vegetation is similar from Mexico to South America and to the Caribbean. Threats Changes in fire management Savannas are subject to regular wildfires and the ecosystem appears to be the result of human use of fire. For example, Native Americans created the Pre-Columbian savannas of North America by periodically burning where fire-resistant plants were the dominant species.[8] Pine barrens in scattered locations from New Jersey to coastal New England are remnants of these savannas. Aboriginal burning appears to have been responsible for the widespread occurrence of savanna in tropical Australia and New Guinea,[9] and savannas in India are a result of human fire use.[10] The maquis shrub savannas of the Mediterranean region were likewise created and maintained by anthropogenic fire.[11] Prescribed burn; Wisconsin bur oak savanna These fires are usually confined to the herbaceous layer and do little long term damage to mature trees. However, these fires either kill or suppress  tree seedlings, thus preventing the establishment of a continuous tree canopy which would prevent further grass growth. Prior to European settlement aboriginal land use practices, including fire, influenced vegetation[12] and may have maintained and modified savanna flora.[3][9] It has been suggested by many authors[12][13] that aboriginal burning created a structurally more open savanna landscape. Aboriginal burning certainly created a habitat mosaic that probably increased biodiversity and changed the structure of woodlands and geographic range of numerous woodland species.[9][12] It has been suggested by many authors[13][14] that with the removal or alteration of traditional burning regimes many savannas are being replaced by forest and shrub thickets with little herbaceous layer. The consumption of herbage by introduced grazers in savanna woodlands has led to a reduction in the amount of fuel available for burning and resulted in fewer and cooler fires.[15] The introduction of exotic pasture legumes has also led to a reduction in the need to burn to produce a flush of green growth because legumes retain high nutrient levels throughout the year, and because fires can have a negative impact on legume populations which causes a reluctance to burn.[16] Grazing and browsing animals Oak savanna, United States The closed forest types such as broadleaf forests and rainforests are usually not grazed owing to the closed structure precluding grass growth, and hence offering little opportunity for grazing.[17] In contrast the open structure of savannas allows the growth of a herbaceous layer and are commonly used for grazing domestic livestock.[18] As a result much of the worlds savannas have undergone change as a result of grazing by sheep, goats and cattle, ranging from changes in pasture composition to woody weed encroachment.[19] The removal of grass by grazing affects the woody plant component of woodland systems in two major ways. Grasses compete with woody plants for water in the topsoil and removal by grazing reduces this competitive effect, potentially boosting tree growth. In addition to this effect, the removal of fuel reduces both the intensity and the frequency of fires which  may control woody plant species.[21] Grazing animals can have a more direct effect on woody plants by the browsing of palatable woody species. There is evidence that unpalatable woody plants have increased under grazing in savannas.[22] Grazing also promotes the spread of weeds in savannas by the removal or reduction of the plants which would normally compete with potential weeds and hinder establishment.[12] In addition to this, cattle and horses are implicated in the spread of the seeds of weed species such as Prickly Acacia (Acacia nilotica) and Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.).[15] Alterations in savanna species composition brought about by grazing can alter ecosystem function, and are exacerbated by overgrazing and poor land management practices. Introduced grazing animals can also affect soil condition through physical compaction and break-up of the soil caused by the hooves of animals and through the erosion effects caused by the removal of protective plant cover. Such effects are most likely to occur on land subjected to repeated and heavy grazing.[23] The effects of overstocking are often worst on soils of low fertility and in low rainfall areas below 500 mm, as most soil nutrients in these areas tend to be concentrated in the surface so any movement of soils can lead to severe degradation. Alteration in soil structure and nutrient levels affects the establishment, growth and survival of plant species and in turn can lead to a change in woodland structure and composition. Tree clearing Large areas of Australian and South American savannas have been cleared of trees, and this clearing is continuing today. For example until recently 480,000 ha of savanna were cleared annually in Australia alone primarily to improve pasture production.[12] Substantial savanna areas have been cleared of woody vegetation and much of the area that remains today is vegetation that has been disturbed by either clearing or thinning at some point in the past. Clearing is carried out by the grazing industry in an attempt to increase the quality and quantity of feed available for stock and to improve the management of livestock. The removal of trees from savanna land removes the competition for water from the grasses present, and can lead to a two to fourfold increase in pasture production, as well as improving the quality of the feed available.[24] Since stock carrying capacity is strongly correlated  with herbage yield, there can be major financial benefits from the removal of trees,[25] such as assisting with grazing management: regions of dense tree and shrub cover harbors predators, leading to increased stock losses, for example,[26] while woody plant cover hinders mustering in both sheep and cattle areas.[27] A number of techniques have been employed to clear or kill woody plants in savannas. Early pastoralists used felling and girdling, the removal of a ring of bark and sapwood, as a means of clearing land.[28] In the 1950s arboricides suitable for stem injection were developed. War-surplus heavy machinery was made available, and these were used for either pushing timber, or for pulling using a chain and ball strung between two machines. These two new methods of timber control, along with the introduction and widespread adoption of several new pasture grasses and legumes promoted a resurgence in tree clearing. The 1980s also saw the release of soil-applied arboricides, notably tebuthiuron, that could be utilized without cutting and injecting each individual tree. In many ways artificial clearing, particularly pulling, mimics the effects of fire and, in savannas adapted to regeneration after fire as most Queensland savannas are, there is a similar response to that after fire.[29] Tree clearing in many savanna communities, although causing a dramatic reduction in basal area and canopy cover, often leaves a high percentage of woody plants alive either as seedlings too small to be affected or as plants capable of re-sprouting from lignotubers and broken stumps. A population of woody plants equal to half or more of the original number often remains following pulling of eucalypt communities, even if all the trees over 5 metres are uprooted completely. Exotic plant species Acacia savanna, Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary, Kenya. A number of exotic plants species have been introduced to the savannas around the world. Amongst the woody plant species are serious environmental weeds such as Prickly Acacia (Acacia nilotica), Rubbervine (Cryptostegia grandiflora), Mesquite (Prosopis spp.), Lantana (Lantana camara and L. montevidensis) and Prickly Pear (Opuntia spp.) A range of herbaceous species have also been introduced to these woodlands, either deliberately or accidentally including Rhodes grass and other Chloris species, Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), Giant rats tail grass (Sporobolus pyramidalis)  parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and stylos (Stylosanthes spp.) and other legumes. These introductions have the potential to significantly alter the structure and composition of savannas worldwide, and have already done so in many areas through a number of processes including altering the fire regime, increasing grazing pressure, competing with native vegetation and occupying previously vacant ecological n iches.[29][30] Other plant species include: white sage, spotted cactus, cotton seed, rosemary. Climate change There exists the possibility that human induced climate change in the form of the greenhouse effect may result in an alteration of the structure and function of savannas. Some authors[31] have suggested that savannas and grasslands may become even more susceptible to woody plant encroachment as a result of greenhouse induced climate change. However, a recent case described a savanna increasing its range at the expense of forest in response to climate variation, and potential exists for similar rapid, dramatic shifts in vegetation distribution as a result of global climate change, particularly at ecotones such as savannas so often represent.[32] Savanna ecoregions Mediterranean savanna in Alentejo region, Portugal. Savanna ecoregions are of several different types: Tropical and subtropical savannas are classified with tropical and subtropical grasslands and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. The savannas of Africa, including the Serengeti, famous for its wildlife, are typical of this type. The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) is also included in this category, known for its exotic and varied flora. Temperate savannas are mid-latitude savannas with wetter summers and drier winters. They are classified with temperate savannas and shrublands as the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, that for example cover much of the Great Plains of the United States. (See areas such as the Central forest-grasslands transition). Mediterranean savannas are mid-latitude savannas in Mediterranean climate regions, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, part of the  Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. The oak tree savannas of California, part of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, fall into this category. Flooded savannas are savannas that are flooded seasonally or year-round. They are classified with flooded savannas as the flooded grasslands and savannas biome, which occurs mostly in the tropics and subtropics. Montane savannas are high-altitude savannas, located in a few spots around the worlds high mountain regions, part of the montane grasslands and shrublands biome. The lowland savannas of the Angolan Scarp savanna and woodlands ecoregion are an example.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Mass Media Violence and the Effect on Children :: Papers Argumentative

Violence in the media is a problem in American society today. The effect can be severe and widespread. The people exposed to this media violence are mostly children. They are very impressionable and imitate what they see, hear and are told by their friends. In this essay I will state my opinion and the opinions of several physiologists and other officials. Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Mediascope's National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995, contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is? Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show children?s programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friend?s father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them.. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, they're less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to anything wrong with it.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Primary Education & Post Plowden Legacy :: essays research papers

Primary Education & Post Plowden Legacy Subject: Primary Education & Post Plowden Legacy INTRODUCTION The task assigned was to read all six chapters provided, select one and produce a critique on the subject matter. The chapter selected was number six which analysed pupils' and 'work'. Firstly I wish to briefly summarise the entire chapter, highlighting the areas which I considered to be the most important, these areas will then be examined in depth and their merits or shortcomings discussed. Firstly a summary of the chapter is needed to put into context the areas that will be discussed later. The whole chapter can be split into two main areas of discourse:- relationships and 'work' and negotiation. As there has been little research into pupils' approaches to schoolwork, the author's chief concern is that of the pupils perceptions of , and approaches to, schoolwork, and the first point s/he makes is that there are differences between teachers' and pupils' ideas of what constitutes worthwhile work. The author sets out to define 'the meaning of work' and in doing so draws our attention to differences between 'pleasurable work' and 'labour'. Workmanship, it is argued, has been replaced by unskilled labour and people now work as a means to an end seeking enjoyment through other avenues such as hobbies and recreation. Teaching methods and school ethos' in general are seen as outmoded and alien to the cultural and social influences on pupils. Therefore, there is greater responsibility on the teacher to make work seem more utilitarian and attractive. Research revealed that many pupils felt that work was pointless and invalid unless it was undertaken in preparation for forthcoming exams. However, work that may be deemed pointless or onerous by both sets of pupils (exam and non- exam) could be given validity by the teaching strategy employed. Pupils seemed to be more concerned with the status of the work and their personal relationship with the teacher, therefore the pupil reaction to any given task depended heavily on these two criteria. It is identified that pupil-teacher relationships are extremely important and they contain many concealed aspects which will be discussed in Part 1. A prevalent feature of pupil-teacher relationships is the negotiation that takes place and teachers will offer incentives to pupils in order to encourage the process of work. It is interesting to look at the way in which teachers can utilise their experience and maturity to manipulate or cajole pupils into performing a given task, and this will be examined in Part 2. PART 1 - RELATIONSHIPS & WORK The first key issue in this chapter that I wish to examine is that of pupil

Friday, October 11, 2019

School Counseling

Which is the most difficult part being a school counselor? After I read the ASCA Model on page 9 of textbook, I knew the leadership, advocacy, teaming and collaboration and systemic change are all what school counselors should focus on. I also learned that school counseling is a profession that focuses on the relations and interactions between students and their school environment with the purpose of reducing the barriers in order to help students to success. In my opinion, the team-member and collaborator is the most challenging for a school counselor in an urban school setting.Because as an effective team-member and collaborator, school counselor work with teachers, administrators and other school personnel to make sure that each student succeeds. However, sometimes working with other school setting educators is not very easy. For example, some teachers do not like to follow the advices from counselors, they believe that their ways are perfect. Hence, they do not want to hear the v oice from counselors. I understand everybody has different ideas, but I also believe that our students will get benefits if we can work together as a team.We share our opinions and hear everyone’s advice. Because our goals are same, we all hope each student succeeds. Even though the coloration is challenging and difficult, we still need to do it with our efforts. What the elements for school counseling as a profession? Threatened by who? From the framework for a school counseling program, there are four elements of school counseling of a profession, foundation, delivery system, management system, and accountability. On the page 9 of the textbook, foundation includes beliefs and philosophy, mission statement, ASCA national standards.Delivery system includes school guidance curriculum, individual student planning, responsive services and system support. Management system includes agreements, advisory council, use of date, use of time and calendars. The last one, accountability includes results reports, school counselor performance standards and program audit. I think school counseling profession may be threatened by other educators, like teachers, principals and other administrators. Sometimes school counselors cannot get enough support for a new idea, some changes cannot get approval by high level administrators or supervisors.From the supporting articles, we have to get more effective data to prove our idea is right. Being a counselor, we must do more research in order to get sufficient evidence if we want to persuade teachers or other educators to accept our changes or new ideas. Because counselors are not in the classroom, no direct relationship with students likes teachers. Hence, our advice or new idea is not easy to be accepted by teachers. For dealing with these difficulties, the most effective way is research! Using data to speak! Compare the traditional and contemporary model?The most recognizable models for school counseling focused on the â₠¬Å" three Cs† of school counseling: counseling, consultation, and coordination. These three elements are all what traditional model has. However, as school counseling system was improved and developed in today’s world. The contemporary model still includes counseling and coordination as well as leadership, advocacy, collaboration and teaming, and assessment and use of data. From the ASCA National Model, the skills of leadership, advocacy, and collaboration and teaming are emphasized as very important and essential elements of being a school counselor.And it also needs efforts to improve systemic change. Comparing with the contemporary model of school counseling, the traditional model just has three basic elements. For the contemporary model, more positions and skills were involved for school counselors. School counselors spend more time to develop and maintain relationships with students, teachers, parents, administrators, and community resource educators. As the change s from traditional model to contemporary model, leadership becomes an important role in our school counseling.According to Philiips, leadership involves influencing others to create a shared commitment to a common purpose. Then, the other new model element advocacy is also effective, advocates in schools work to reduce barriers that lead to achievement gaps between poor and minority students and their more advantaged peers. Our end goals are all making students to be successful. After that, collaboration and teaming part is difficult but necessary. It is an essential process for promoting systemic change. As our last week discussion, we all noticed the power of assessment and use of data.We need to do effective research in order to support our new ideas and changes. Without doubts, data use is also a bright improvement of being one of the new elements for school counseling. After knowing the differences between traditional and contemporary model, we can see that school counseling sy stem is really on the right track to move. More useful skills came out in order to promoting student achievement. For Comprehensive School Counseling Progams, Describe, compare, and contrast the Missouri Model and the ASCA Model. Are these models relevant and/or realistic for school counselors in urban schools?After reading the chapter four, it is good to know a new model of school counseling program. The comprehensive guidance program model is also known as the Missouri model in 1917. In this model, it includes self-knowledge and interpersonal skills, life roles, settings, and events, and life career planning. It also offers three elements and four components. The elements include the content of the program, the organizational framework, and resources. Four components include guidance curriculum, individual planning, responsive services, and system support.We have already familiar with the ASCA model. For the ASCA National model, the framework has four elements. (foundation, delive ry system, management system and accountability). It also has four themes. (leadership, advocacy, teaming and collaboration and systemic change) ASCA National Model is conducted in collaboration with key partners, monitors student progress, is driven by data, seeks improvement, and shares successes with stakeholders. For the Missouri Model, it presents a complete framework that can be adapted for each school.Being a school counselor, these developments are indeed good for our students. Especially, the life career development can help student’s development awareness and acceptance of themselves and others, also help students develop and incorporate practices that lead to effective learning, responsible daily living, finally help students understand and use a decision-making process in determining their life goals. As we know, the purpose of both Missouri Model and ASCA National Model is providing a framework for counselors to promote academic achievement, career planning, and personal social development.Theoretically, these models are good in urban schools from above aspects. However, the reality is different. For an example, we all know systemic change and collaboration are not easy to do. Even though these models give us many valuable instructions to help our students, sometimes we still have many difficulties from various realities. the roles of the â€Å"resource broker† and explain the â€Å"School Change Feedback Process (SCFP)? After reading the article by Colbert and Kulikowich, I learned a new term: resource broker and a new process: School Change Feedback Process (SCFP).The role of resource broker is offered to help counselors with data-driven programs. A resource broker is a school professional who functions as an active force to identify, provide access to, and ensure the utilization of resources that enhance student development. (Colbert, R. D. , & Kulikowich, J. M. (2006)) As a resource broker, it includes teacher efficacy in progra m assessments when data show inequities in student access to rigorous academic classes. Hence, the resource broker indeed plays an important role in school counseling.After that, regarding to a role for school counselors in education reform, the research produced the emergence of a new method called the School Change Feedback Process (SCFP). It has four steps in the SCFP process: 1. Obtain teacher efficacy beliefs. 2. Share teachers' efficacy beliefs with the principal and teachers. 3. Incorporate teachers' beliefs into the ongoing education reform or school improvement plan implementation with continuous feedback. 4. Obtain teachers' beliefs again, and repeat the cycle.In this process, three basic counselor responsibilities includes identify resources, gain access to resources and ensure the utilization of resources. According to ASCA, â€Å"School counselors must show that each activity implemented as part of the school counseling program is developed from a careful analysis of s tudent needs, achievement and related data†. Hence, we should use data to monitor student’s progress. Being a school counselor, we should use database to disaggregate data related to achievement, attendance, discipline, and so forth to develop action plans.In additional, school counselors also work with principals and teachers. So, using SCFP is a good way to corporate with them. As we all know, getting the efficacy from teacher is very important. Hence, resource broker helps counselors with data, then using SCFP to get feedback in a contemporary urban school setting. concept of â€Å"behavioral momentum,† as discussed in Lee's article. Explain how this concept, and those of high-p and low-p tasks, might be relevant to school counselors?The term behavioral momentum is described as â€Å" the dynamics of behavior in changing environments†. Nevin indicated that behavior possesses a momentum much more like physical objects. The high-p request intervention is based on the theory of behavioral momentum. A high-probability request sequence is an intervention that practitioners can use to make it more likely that a nonpreferred behavior will occur. For this intervention, many requests with a high probability of compliance is delivered just prior to a request with a low probability of compliance.In this article, it gave us an example to understand, â€Å"a teacher may ask a student to take out a pencil (high-p request), write his or her name on a piece of paper (high-p request), and write the date at the top of the paper (high-p request), immediately prior to asking the student to begin math seatwork, a low-p activity†. The responses generated by the high-p requests carries over and increases compliance to the request that had previously resulted in noncompliance. The effects of high-p request sequences have been examined.From this example, we can clearly know what is high-p and what is low-p. In our counseling program, we can use thi s method to help our students in academic work. It indeed has many advantages to help students to succeed. Teachers can spend more time on direct instruction, as opposed to managing student behavior. Then, decreasing the work of students who are already behind academically may have a negative effect on skill development. After that, teachers can use these tasks to make transitions more efficient and to increase proficiency at performing those same high-p tasks.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

L’Oréal’s product recommendations Essay

Considering L’Orà ©al’s product portfolio and analyzing the BCG matrix created, we can make a few recommendations to L’Orà ©al. Firstly, we notice that there are a few categories that are considered, in the BCG matrix, as Dogs, being these areas that have a low relative market share and a low growth rate. These are the following: Normal; Antidandruff; and Greasy. Dogs are normally considered unattractive, but there are exceptions, when the size of these markets is still a great volume of the company’s sales, as we may see in this case. For the Normal market, the company should maintain or increase its investment, as it represents a big slice of their sales (18,44%), and, if they disinvested, there could be a decrease in sales of this category, thus perhaps losing their position as the second biggest in the market (31%). On the other hand, since the market is decreasing for this category, there would be an amplification of the decrease that is happening to L’Orà ©al. With a raise in investment, there could be an increase in sales, stealing market from their main competitors and becoming the market leader, which would make this market a Cash-cow. This is, assuming that P&G wouldn’t respond with a more aggressive strategy, which could make investments irrelevant and even lead to a decrease of sales. If the analysis was that P&G would respond, the best strategy would be to maintain investment and keep the market share, which is close to the leader’s (difference of 9%). For Antidandruff, there should be a maintenance of investment, as, even though it represents a relatively high percentage of the company’s sales (9,37%), it has a small relative market share (15% compared to 57% of the leader), making its position a very fragile one, undeserving of a great investment. For Greasy, L’Orà ©al should proceed to disinvesting, since it possesses a small relative market share and it also represents only 2,86% of the company’s sales, being in a market that is decreasing in size. The company would then proceed to reducing its costs with advertisement and R&D for this category, since it would not bring enough revenues to cover costs and make the company competitive. Secondly, there is a group of categories in L’Orà ©al’s Hair Care portfolio that are in the Problem Child quadrant, which have a small relative market share, but are in a market which has above average growth rates. The categories included in this group are as follows: Kids and Colour. Problem Child normally are called cash users, as high growth rates require higher investments, but are not able to generate substantial cash to cover these. Kids is a category where there is a great dominion of the leading company (Johnsons), and L’Orà ©al’s product is the second most sold product. The difference between them is still quite large (16%) and the market is growing at a good rate, with 10% growth in the period analyzed. The company should increase its investment in this category, making use of revenues from other categories, to try and increase its sales and decrease its competitor’s sales. The company must take advantage of the market growth and be able to make as much of a market share as possible, while there is still â€Å"free space† on which to grow. As of Sleek, we may see that it is one of the categories which has the greatest growth rate (9%), and in which L’Orà ©al has a strong position, though it is divided in two products (Elvive and Fructis), while competing with P&G’s Pantene. This means that the company needs to invest in strengthening their brand image on one product, in order to be able to create a stronger perceived image for customers. Thirdly, there is a group of categories that are Stars in the BCG matrix. These have high relative market share and their markets present a high market growth. Products in this quadrant are usually cash neutral, being able to provide enough cash to cover their expenses in investment, due to being leaders in their markets. The categories that L’Orà ©al has in this category are: Colour; Dry & Break; Shine; and Sun. Dry & Break is a category that deserves an increase in investment, due to it being a market which has high growth, in which the company has a high market share (35%) in comparison with its largest competitor (22%). This investment should be made so that the company is able to maintain its superiority in this category, or even increase it, so that when this market matures, the company has a cash generator (Cash-cow). Being the category with most sales in L’Orà ©al’s portfolio (22,04% of total sales), this should be the greatest priority of the company. Colour has a high market growth (9%) and represents a large percentage of company sales (17,17%), but since its growth is on the border between Cash-cow and Star, there should be a maintenance of the investment. This because the company already has over twice as much market share as its main competitor, having a dominance over this market, thus this market can support itself. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return â€Å"studymoose.com†},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(â€Å"http†)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e