Pulmonary Embolism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pulmonary Embolism - act ExampleThe clots can break free, travel to the lung, and block an artery. The condition can uncommonly be caused from fill out escaping from fractured bone marrow or from amniotic fluid during childbirth. With a large clot, or many itemise of clots, pneumonic embolism can cause death.The process by which a pulmonary embolism forms, begins in the stock stream. Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. The heart pumps this oxygen-rich logical argument through arteries delivering it to divers(a) secerns of the body after which it enters an other network of veins. The veins carry the now oxygen-poor blood back to the heart, which pumps the blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen again. A blood clot forming in a vein, commonly a deep vein in the leg, can travel with the blood flow back to the lungs and become nightspot there.This leads to pulmonary embolism.When the lung arteries become blocked by a blood clot, high blood pressure in the lungs whitethorn occur. This results in the heart having to pump harder than usual. A continu each(prenominal)y overworked heart whitethorn enlarge and may eventually fail to function. A large pulmonary embolism can result in mishap of both the lungs and heart. However, the sooner a physician can diagnose and treat the condition, increases the chances of surviving a pulmonary embolism.The symptoms of pulmonary embolism differ widel... The symptoms of pulmonary embolism differ widely and often resemble those of other conditions the classic signs include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain and a cough that produces blood-streaked sputum. Breathing may be very rapid and breathing deeply may cause severe chest pains. new(prenominal) symptoms include increased pulse rate, dizziness, and fainting. Pulmonary infarction may result if there is a inadequacy of blood flow to the lungs causing some lung tissue to die. In addition the patient may too cough up blood- stained phlegm, have sharp chest pains, and fever. The skin may turn a naughty color from a lack of oxygen when the larger vessels of the lungs are blocked. Chronic pulmonary embolism, where small blood clots deposit themselves in the lungs repeatedly over time, will cause shortness of breath, swelling of the leg and all round weakness (MayoClinic 2006).Risk factors for a pulmonary embolus include Prolonged bed rest or inactivity (including long trips in planes, cars, or trains), Oral contraceptive use, Surgery (especially pelvic surgery), Childbirth, Massive trauma, Burns, Cancer, Stroke, nerve attack, Heart surgery, Fractures of the hips or femurA blood clot is the first factor towards pulmonary embolism and one that forms in a vein is called a thrombus. A blood clot is a strumpet of platelets enmeshed in a group of red blood cells and fibrin. Blood clots usually develop to attend stop bleeding an injury, but sometimes form without reason. A clot that develops in one part of t he body and travels in the bloodstream to another part of the body is called an embolus. Sometimes other substances, such as pieces of a tumor, globules of fat from fractured bones or air bubbles, may enter the bloodstream and become an embolus that blocks arteries.A vein in the leg or

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion Essay

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of pietism - Essay ExampleDouglass criticized the mishandling and squandering of our forefathers commitment to improperness as generations lavished in the memory of the revolution without intent the burden of its responsibility. He praises the principles of freedom, liberty, and morality that our nation was built upon. Yet, he uses the opportunity to remind his audience that liberty was a concept that been abandoned by its religious leadership, and for those left in bondage it was non a twenty-four hour period to celebrate freedom, entirely a day to recognize the difficult road that lie in front of all America. Douglass framed his speech with the understanding that there were two Americas. The two Americas were split by the oceanic abyss foundation of liberty and the oppressive nature of slavery. Recognizing that the two could not exist as one, Douglass remarks on the class when he talks of, a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary. Douglass lived in his America, where the Fourth of July was not a day of celebration, but a day to remember and honor those that were left behind in shackles. One of Douglasss important targets in his eloquent speech was religion and its failure to address the slavery issue. Douglass does not argue the merits and evils of slavery, but rather takes the stand that there can be no valid argument for slavery. He logically contends, There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is prostitute for him. Slavery was a horrifying nightmare and Douglasss description shows it for the injustice it was. He makes no attempt to rock the audience of its wrongs, but rather uses the opportunity to denounce the American religious community and their religious leaders for their engagement in slavery as well as their neglect of the issue. This was the sterling(prenominal) hypocrisy and the greatest threat to the liberty of all men that Douglass took aim at. His well founded, fiery words chastised religious leaders for wasting the religious freedom the nation had gained by turning their backs on the very tenets that Christianity was built on.The implications of the compromise of 1850 were fresh on the mind of Douglass as he spoke of the legalized hunting of man that was known as the Fugitive Slave Law. He bemoaned the rewards that judges would reap by the successful consignment and return of walkaway slaves and decried the taking of men away from their wives and families to be ripped away and returned to a life of indentured misery. The Compromise had been a deal with the devil as the North sought to placate Southern discontent by condoning their excesses into the lend oneself of slavery. Douglass drew a picture that portrayed America as the most immoral nation on earth and its abuses in excess of all others in the world. Americas flawed reasoning of welcoming fugitives from all rough th e world and casting great honor on them as courageous men stood in calculating contrast to the treatment of the fugitives from American oppression that were are hunted down like common animals kidnapped, tortured, and murdered. He places the Fugitive Slave Law in its rightful historical perspective as he denounces it as being In glaring violation of justice this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. Douglasss viewpoint was that never had mankind been so terrible and never had the perform been so blinded by sin. Religions failure to tackle and oppose slavery, and the Fugitive Slave Law, was seen by him to be the greatest blasphemy ever put forth. Douglass pleads with the audience to denounce slavery and rebuke the slave holders,

Section of a reasearch paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Section of a reasearch - Research account ExampleAs the TACO restaurant wants maximum exposure for its Street Tacos, it should set a probable price with the sole purpose of getting maximum exposure and space for its Street Tacos in the disposed(p) mart demand for that product. It can happen when the demand for a given product is elastic and the healthy price leave alone lure the customers in great number to purchase it, resulting in change magnituded tax to the restaurant. Other reason of using penetration pricing dodging is the possibility of economies of scale. The reason of using this strategy could be the fear of competitors and a restaurant wants to go ahead with its first mover entry (Pricing scheme 2010).Penetration tactic is used for entering the generic market where competition is high economies of scale atomic number 18 possible. It can decrease the demand of competitor restaurants Street Tacos. At the same time, the TACO restaurant will get another advantage from the penetration pricing by getting a ready market by inducing customers to try other menu items (Pricing Strategy 2010).For the TACO restaurant it is more authorised to capture the maximum market sh are first and then introduce other tactics by offering unique features like no other restaurant is offering. It can add a preserve of distinctness by not putting beans and rice sides on the tacos and charging the same rate, as other restaurants are charging. In stead of rice and bean sides, customers can order almost more items on the menu, which could be a more satisfying experience. The TACO restaurant should at the same time offer its customers the woof of separately ordering bean and rice sides to the Street Tacos while not letting the price increase in comparison to other restaurants selling tacos with bean and rice sides. Those customers will be tempted to save some dollars who dont want their Street Tacos with bean and rice sides. This is a sort of

CIS Management Information System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CIS Management Information System - Assignment ExcopiousWith nearly one part of the kanban cards lost per day, the net result is that the inventory runs dry and the overall production efforts suffer or get delayed. Considering the fact that Danaher has acquired a number of small companies, the application of the entropy technology buns actually go a long way in helping the firm under consideration in enhancing its efficacy, so far as the objective of reducing its inventory levels is concerned.The application of information technology can help Danaher to purchase supplies from the overseas vendors by making the purchasing process more streamlined. The usage of electronic kanban remains can do away with the fragilities and flaws of the manual approach. This go away also allow the key employees in the procurement system to focus on the core tasks like discovering new sources and developing supplier relationships. E-kanban system will also improve and fasten the communication betwe en Danaher and its suppliers. The introduction of bar codes and electronic scanners will do away with the old and cumbersome processes that were prone to grave errors and thus delays. This will also delegate the responsibility of verifying the order notifications to the suppliers. Thus the key staff will be left with vast cartridge holder to concentrate on the supplier procurement goals. The application of the information systems has already reduced the non-productive time at Gurnee by 57 percent. This has also enabled Danaher in sourcing smaller suppliers to take an advantage of better serve at lower lives. However, the introduction of information systems makes it imperative for Danaher to effectively deal with the unprecedented challenges like expert glitches and employee resistance. Overall, the information systems are sure to help Danaher run leaner. Q2. Can Blockbuster stand up to Netfixautonomic nervous system 2. When Blockbuster ventured into the video conductal busines s in 1985, it primarily relied on its traditional mom-and-pop style stores that were unsophisticated enough to blend with the underdeveloped digital technology and humble consumer expectations of those days. The biggest blunder that Blockbuster made was to bolt to keep a keen eye on the latest developments in the digital technology and information systems, despite having an obvious competitive advantage in the market, to the extent of being a virtual monopoly. With the sexual climax of DVDs, the consumer were left with the option of buying their own movie DVDs at competitive prices without having any need to rent movies from any outside provider. In the meantime, Netfix, which happened to be a new player in the market took ample advantage of the recent developments in the digital technology and e-commerce and engineered its strategy accordingly. Thus Netfix succeeded in establishing a cost conscious virtual vending system, thereby relieving customers of the botheration of venturi ng out of their home s to seek entertainment. Obviously, Netfix enjoyed a booming growth and success. For Blockbuster, the onerous task of responding to the new competition was a complicated matter, in which it miserably failed. It failed to discern that Netfixs strategy was obviously being backed by astute e-commerce specialists, which was very streamlined and lean. In response, Blockbuster came out with its own internet

EVM and Project Procurement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EVM and catch procurance - Research Paper ExampleThis management system provides trends of appeal, value and risk. EVM uses a uniform whole of measure of confinement performance which may either be dollars or work hours but for assorted tasks it may require different measure of performance. Functional Difference Procurement is often required in every project therefore procurement management is a crucial step in the proceeding of a project plan. Procurement means the use of external vendors and service providers for a particular facility. Procurement management itself involves extensive planning. Procurement process can be broken down into various travel which be widely used in the following order Planning and requirement, requisition, vendor selection, bid administration, speech and contract closure. Procurement process starts with the analysis of the goods and services required for the execution of a project. The management has to civilise a make or buy decision which ult imately decides whether there is a need for outsourcing or not. This is done through cost benefit analysis. For example leasing a piece of equipment costs $800/day and reservation it costs $12000 in this case the use of that equipment in terms of time would allow the management to analyze the 2 costs and ultimately allow them to take an informed decision. Difference in Cost stochastic variable and Measurement In order for the successful completion of a project the management needs to reply certain questions repeatedly. These questions are mostly related to cost variance, risks, over or under expenditure, schedule and project performance in terms of value, cost and schedule. In a research study has proven the wed between project success and earned value management. The study treats the principles of EVM and project procurement as two different variables. The third variable is the project success itself. The results of their study and surveys supported their hypothesis with exce ption which is there will be no significant difference between fixed-price and cost-plus contracts on the use of EVMs performance metrics during contract administration (Marshall, 2007). Fixed-price contracts and cost plus contracts are two prevalent contract fictional characters which are undertaken during the contract administration step of procurement management. So the study has proven that contract type does not significantly refer the performance metrics of EVM. Earned value minus actual cost gives the cost variance and earned value minus aforethought(ip) value gives the schedule variance in earned value management. These variances are dependent upon the accuracy of estimates, time required for the project and life-cycle phase. All of these factors may fall under the category of procurement process so procurement management may affect the performance metrics of earned value management. Procurement involves market knowledge on the basis of which estimates are driven. So if for example the management provides unreliable estimates then it would greatly affect the EVM measures such as planned costs. Secondly the length of the procurement project and total approved budget effect the capacity of EVM to accurately predict the trends of cost and

America's Nuclear Meltdown towards Global Zero Essay

Americas Nuclear Meltdown towards global Zero - Essay ExampleMost crucial concepts, theories, or ideas needed to understand & solve conundrum? In order to understand the reluctance of countries towards achieving a unanimous agreement to abandon thermonuclear warf atomic number 18, it is important to understand not only the reasons which led to the development and continued maintenance of their nuclear military sections (as presumption in the article) but also the reasons why a Global Zero is necessary and important for the shelter of the global population. Further, the warfare, political power plays and hidden motives and feelings of the countries should also be considered- what are they fearing or hoping?How author defines these? For the author, these reasons pluck against geographical conflicts, defensive strategy and political decisions keeping in mind the actions of the rival countries. It appears from the article that solely countries truly want to achieve a nuclear weap on free world but actions of the others are preventing them from reaching that level of trust. Does the author take all assumptions regarding these as for granted or make any questionable assumptions?The only assumption made is that the intention of the countries involved is to eventually get rid of nuclear armaments, as evidenced from explicit political statements. Even if this isnt true, the implicit intentions cannot be judged as it would redeem moved the tone of the article away from neutral and factual grounds and into an opinionated piece.

Write a letter to a friend what it was like being a 19th century Essay

Write a earn to a friend what it was like being a 19th century worker. involving karl max and Robert Owen odeas - Essay patternAs many factories began to emerge, people started to work at factories instead of at farms as it was before industrialization. Children started running(a) for many of factories, Mines, and shops that needed help, and there were not enough men or women to meet the increasing elbow grease demands. Children were seen as cheap, plentiful, and easy to control labor. Orphanages and even parents would give up their children to the cotton mills owners and other operators in exchange for sustenance.As young Children, we had to do the most dangerous and difficult jobs like coal mining, and amend broken machinery. The coal mines were the worst because young children had to travel through the mines with poor lighting, and often carrying loads. Working from sextuplet in the morning to nine at night with no meals and a long distance from theater the children suffere d. If late for work, the children were often beaten, and if we worked slowly, or fell asleep at the machines, the supervisors could hit us using a strap.Women and children offered cheap labor and could work for less than a man would accept. Spending so many hours a day over factory machines often left us with bowed legs and poorly developed limbs and muscles. If angiotensin-converting enzyme of us not lucky enough to be employed in these mines, he had the unpleasant extract of living on the streets, which was accompanied with raw sewage, rotting animals, vegetable wastes, rats, disease, and putrid water. They also had to find victuals and a place to stay in when it is rainy and cold.Karl Marx was an idealist. He envisaged the cruelties and injustices that children, endured during the period of the industrial revolution. It was from the events that Marx developed the commie idea. Karl Marx was one of those reformers proposing and arguing for the reforms through the Communist Manif esto. His goals of the communist party were to end the exploitation of the working house and create a society with equality and no social classes. Marx has helped

Media Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media dealings - Essay ExampleBanks have to target the young generation via such social sites. The success of any(prenominal) business lies under one core fundamental factor being available where the target clients are. It has non been different for Barclays, which boasts of its great success and a capacious number of clients in United Kingdom. The bank has been at the forefront in close relation with media, ensuring that it utilizes social media to reach out to its loyal customer initiation and tap its potential.Depending on its diverse departments, Barclays has a number of Twitter answer fors all branded differently. They are preferably an active, with the most active being BarclaysFooty, an account linked to the sponsored Barclays Premier League. The site has all over 159, 000 followers, which is a huge number for a bank twitter account. Most of the times, the posts are often related to football updates and another(prenominal) competitions with the intentions of targeti ng the football fans. Barclays wealth and investment team also have a twitter account labelled Barclayswealth, which has over 73,000 followers. It does posts financial investment updates and other banking services offered.The customers service twitter account is nabbed BarclaysOnline, having over 48,000 users. It does receive the highest number of interaction with its clients. Its website does grant its clients the link to accessing twitter. During its working hours, the twitter services and responses are quite fast and timely. All potential queries responses are dealt with from Monday to Friday, between 8am to 8pm. The clients have reported satisfaction with the social systems, with the game team responding to a good number of queries, an element that does improve their customer care and public relations with the clients (barclays.co.uk).With over half a million likes, Barclays Facebook wall has maintained a constant service to its clients, as well as to its Twitter account. It d oes engage its clients all through the whole day, answering all

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Term Paper ExampleDuring the nations early years, this electoral process was in effect(p) under a Federalist regime, however the need to revise the electoral process with regards to the instatement of the members of the Senate was borne out of the need to get along expand democracy, eliminate corruption tied to the election of Senators, and to remove external control over the cosmea of state legislatures (Neale 3). Also, relying mostly on the votes of the state legislatures caused election deadlocks which prevented the appointment of Senators and subsequently, unfilled senate vacancies for considerable periods at a time (4). This created additional problems with regards to the creation of new laws since the Senate members have longer terms of service than the members of the House of Representatives. Thus, after 124 years of relying on state legislatives on electing Senate members or waiting for the governors to appointment a replacement should a senator leave office, the Seventee nth Amendment was finally ratified on April 8, 1913 which allowed the election of Senators through popular voting (6). ... crowd together Madison is one of the strong proponents on the upkeep of the constitution as well as in preventing most of its amendments, especially since he believes that there is great difficulty in the process of men organisation over other men (70). There must be an overall control to all members of the government in order to prevent the human inclination of following actions or decisions that came about due to vested interests, as well as to prevent the over-reliance on religion and virtue which are both subjective in nature. Also, Madison believes that a continuous process of amending the constitution would not only create problems such as the inability of most large number to follow laws and regulations properly due to the inaccuracies that can be encountered after some(prenominal) changes were made in the original laws, thus rendering the laws much m ore ineffective (71). In addition, it is judge that the constitution was already a functional one since it was created by a wide variety of mess, in such a way that there is a less probability that a majority of the people would be making motives that undermine the rights of the common people (73). Thus, if the constitution was made out of the various ideas and comment by different individuals, it essentially governs all members of the nation, using the principles of justice and of the common good as relevant to all walks of life. In addition to the need to retain the constitution as close to the original as possible, the Founding Fathers aimed to prevent the rise of aristocracy through the ruling of only a few people and the establishment of true democracy by allowing more people to participate in the process of governance. This may

Market Segment Analysis (Individual) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Segment Analysis (Individual) - Essay showcasePorsche is a German automobile brand founded by Ferdinand Porsche in 1931. The organizations headquarter is in Stuttgart, Germany. However, it is every bit popular in any parts of the world for its futuristic car designs and superior performance on-track (Porsche move Holding, 2014).Porsche is popular all around the world and has established a statue of luxury sporting car. The major creator behind massive demand for Porsche is its car designs, luxury, comfort and prestige attached with those who are driving a Porsche. Customers of Porsche do not belong only to the elite class, but it is equally popular among sports car lovers of all age. Porsche major separateation strategy is explained as followingThis segment of Porsche Automobile generates around 27% of the corporations revenue. The consumers of Porsche belonging to this segment prefer a car with superior performance on the track, which motivates them to manoeuvre even h arder to achieve the best and allows complete control on the transmission and drive. Top Guns are too self-obsessed, and they want to show-off so that people can notice them which support the assertion that these customers are stead conscious. Top Guns are proud of their success and tell their success stories to everyone so that they can be comprehended (Huffman, Rayess, Habib, & Mitchell, 2012).These are the customers who are passionate about owning the worlds best sports car and are as such motivated towards experiencing new adventures in their lives. For this reason, they select a car which thrills them with its speed and power. Bon Vivant segment is currently generating 17% of Porsches total revenues and is considered as being a lucrative segment in the near future. These customers for the most part live in urban areas and have the tendency to influence attitudes and behaviors of people in their surrounding (Richardson, 2004).Elitists segment of Porsche Automobile

Historical Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

historical Communications - Essay ExampleThe rebus article of faith is one of the several principal types of pictographs that laid the foundation for the discipline of modern syllabaries. The rebus article of faith turns the sound into a symbol which then becomes part of more complex linguistic structures (Ong 86). At the level of rebus writing, the symbol represents primarily a sound, and a rebus is a kind of phonogram (Ong 86). As a result, the rebus doctrine shaped the basis for the creation of modern alphabetic systems by enabling individuals and societies to use pictures/symbols that gumption circumstance sounds. A combination of those sounds would be used by those societies to describe complex notions. For example, the English reciprocation Milwaukee can be written down as a combination of the mill, walk, and key symbols (mill-walk-key) (Ong 86). This is one of the easiest examples of how the rebus linguistic rule works. Apparently, the rebus principle drove the subsequ ent systematization of sounds and their third estate representation in written languages. With the help of the rebus principle a symbol denoting a particular concept could also be used in homonyms (WALS). The rebus principle facilitated the development and use of symbols denoting abstract notions, and gradually transformed into systemic and recognizable phonetic signs (WALS). The rebus principle was passing common in the earliest Chinese writing, and today the Chinese and Japanese languages continue to rely on hybrid phonetic and syllabic structures. Simply stated, the symbols and pictograms used to denote complex notions gradually became a common pattern of representing those notions in writing. With time, the symbols and pictograms turned into phonetic signs to be used systematically in a particular writing language. The importance of the rebus principle for intercultural communications and understanding should not be disregarded. Better understanding crossways languages and la nguage systems is one of the major benefits of the rebus system. For example, persons speaking contrasting dialects and being unable to understand each former(a) can use the rebus principle to denote complex meanings through sounds (Ong 87). The rebus principle is of particular importance for the Asian languages, especially Chinese, since the Chinese characters are represented by exquisitely stylized pictures (Ong 87). Better understanding among different language groups can also drive the development of new symbolic systems by using the rebus principle to understand each other different language carriers can borrow the most convenient symbols and characters from a different language or dialect. Calling the alphabet alphabet far-reaching linguistic implications The word alphabet signifies the beginning point in the development of the basic and advanced language skills. Actually, every language is believed to start with an alphabet. In reality, however, the presence of an alphabet is the sign of language development and advancement. It is the result of numerous transformations and an important feature of modern language systems. Even the term alphabet has far-reaching implications for understanding its essence. By calling the alphabet alphabet (or alpha-beta), it is automatically implied that the alphabet reduces sounds to spatial equivalents and more analytic, manageable units (Ong 90). As a result, instead of having a

Epidemics In America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epidemics In America - Essay ExampleMerkel discusses the six epidemics in light of their biological context, their discovery, their distribution, their crack and their prevention of control. Most of the diseases discussed were due to computer computer viruses and bacterium. As discussed in the course, a virus is an a- jail cellular micro-organism. The book elaborates on it. The virus can only reproduce inside(a) living cells where it multiplies. Aids happen due to a virus called human immunodeficiency virus. This virus belongs to a virus screen out known as the retrovirus. Retroviruses atomic number 18 a type of viruses that are made of the ribonucleic acid or the ribonucleic acid. The RNA makes up for the genetic composition of the retroviruses. HIV first infects the cell. in one case the cell has been infected, HIV uses reverse transcriptase to transform RNA into DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA keeps on replicating itself by making use of the cell and its machinery. Merk el also spoke about why symptoms of AID baffle time to show in humans. This is because HIV is a leaden virus. The subgroup of viruses that it belongs to is known lent viruses or slow viruses. Merkel like-wise elaborates on the biological background of terabit. The archetype has also been discussed in class. This disease is caused by a mycobacterium. mycobacterium was the unproblematic causative agent of tuberculosis back then. Another bacteria called Vibrio cholera is the primary causative agent of cholera. Back then at that place were no advance medical facilities to deal with these diseases, so the results of the outbreak used to be even more drastic and worse?... Most of the diseases discussed were due to viruses and bacteria. As discussed in the course, a virus is an a-cellular micro-organism. The book elaborates on it. The virus can only reproduce inside living cells where it multiplies. Aids happen due to a virus called HIV. This virus belongs to a virus class known as retrovirus. Retroviruses are a type of viruses that are made of the RNA or the ribonucleic acid. The RNA makes up for the genetic composition of the retroviruses. HIV first infects the cell. Once the cell has been infected, HIV uses reverse transcriptase to transform RNA into DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA keeps on replicating itself by making use of the cell and its machinery. Merkel also spoke about why symptoms of AID take time to show in humans. This is because HIV is a slow virus. The subgroup of viruses that it belongs to is known lent viruses or slow viruses. Merkel like-wise elaborates on the biological background of tuber-culosis. The concept has also been discussed in class. This disease is caused by a myco-bacterium. Mycobacterium was the primary causative agent of tuberculosis back then. Another bactetia called vibrio cholera is the primary causative agent of cholera. Back then there were no advance medical facilities to deal with these diseases, hence the result s of the outbreak used to be even more drastic and worse? Markels explains, rather elaborately six major infectious diseases i.e. tuberculosis plague, typhus, cholera, assist and bubonic plague. Most of the epidemics were due to bacteria. Typhus was caused by a bacterium called Ricktessia. The prevalent of epidemics due to bacteria was particularly emphasized.Merkel makes special reference to Koachs postulate for disease causation in his book. Pathogen is present in all

Deviation in the process metric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

aberration in the process metric - Essay ExampleSo attempts to remove or replicate a deviation that occurred in the past are being made as a replyion to those changes.In the antiphonal state, the team looked at urinate and effect. In proactive mode, attention shifts to the belike cause and likely effect. Lean teams in this phase spend time shaping the future looking for potential problems and opportunities and ship canal to avoid or exploit them.After the potential problem analysis, the team addresses the likely cause of a process performance decline by taking preventive actions. If, despite preventive actions, the likely cause does occur, the team is prepared for damage control with planned contingency actions.Potential opportunity analysis helps teams research the future for better-than-planned process performance, helping them promote the likely cause so process performance exceeds expectations. They scram promoting actions to capitalize on the potential positive effect. Wh en things do go better, they are prepared to take ample advantage of the opportunity.For example, a company has Support Departments which reacts on users complains ab let out network performance. Reactive attempt is to react on each users request asking him or her to wait while network be unloaded. proactive approach in this case is to purchase and install new network equipment that is much costly and takes more time. But proactive approach advantages in strategic outlook because as a result chip of users complains in Support Departments decreases.3. Illustrate how an organization could use outsourcing to gain a competitive edge on competition.An organization could use outsourcing for managing network security. When this part of work is entrusted to professionals they do it in qualitative manner and for lesser money, what really gives a competitive advantage to the organization. Schweitzer (2004) writes that for some organizations, network management operations may be better serv ed through outsourcing. Freeing up some of staffs administrative duties may merit farming out perhaps a portion of the companys network management tasks. With so many vendors now offering a plenty of services, including remote monitoring and management of networks, its not difficult to find prices that fall within a range of budgetary parameters. The outsourcing alternative can ease the sometimes perplexing burden of network management.In the end, an effective network security team will exercise a comprehensive management approach that applies both proactive and reactive elements. Individual businesses should engage knowledgeable managers to examine the needs of the company and string choices as to the best courses of action to ensure the highest level of network security available, whether via proactive or reactive means. (Schweitzer 2004)5. Analyze the assertion that Security is as much a human problem as a technical problem.When the personal information of hundreds of thousands of individuals comes upon swindlers, many people think that careless computer or

Fieldwork Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fieldwork - identification ExampleThey have children programs in which unpaid workers cigaret interact with kids, and offering direct services to other stateless persons. At the organization, there is always an opportunity that fits well in an individuals preferences. There be many homeless children all over the city who are in dire need of soul to teach good behavior, and engage them. At BBBS, adults organize museum trips, make adventures in the urban area, or honest relax with young residents in their childhood and adolescence stages. With only a residency of New York City, and a commitment of eight hours every month for one year as well as a business enterprise in town, one would qualify after a rigorous screening process. Despite the immense benefits, unadulterated volunteer work will not dislodge most American streets of the homeless populations. This is because, even though many people are destitute, few often think of securing a place in organizations such as BBBS. The insignificant number of the homeless in organizations providing humanitarian services calls for the enactment of more potent laws to curb the menace. According to Swartz, homelessness means an increase in crime rate, and the spread of diseases in the affected towns (407). suffrage for a visionary leader who has promised to implement anti-homelessness laws could be the best way to tackle the problem, rather than volunteer work. Swartz indicates that the formulation and enactment of city laws that illegalize homelessness and provide the destitute populations adequate shelter would effectively rid the streets of such people (409). Unlike previous archaic laws which grant law enforcement agencies absolute power to keep apart whatever form of shelter is used by the homeless, the enactment of humane laws, which provide for alternative resettlement programs, would improve security on the streets once and for all. An attempt to cart away the belongings of destitute populations by forc e only serves to create a bigger problem of exposing the victims to criminals and adverse weather conditions According to Swartz, the of import problem of homeless populations really is having nowhere to seek refuge. City ordinances ban the erection of temporary structures fortune the role of shelter, such as tents, on any piece of land (408). A fitting law would secure politics funding and support for the homeless community. Without the law, most city councils may lack the substance to intervene appropriately due to budget shortfalls. Owing to the fact that the problem of homelessness is not usually caused by the shortage of housing, but by soaring costs of acquiring and renting one, legislation would enable the government to start affordable housing programs to reduce the number of people on the streets. Once elected into office, a visionary politician would explore the administrative takeions within his or her power, to press for a change to city bylaws, because by trying to stay on the streets, the victims pay a heavy price. The act is an outright violation of the city laws. Ritchie says regardless of the fact that some homeless people are fully aware of the violations of the laws, they opt to camp on the streets anyway (502). In reaction to laws criminalizing camping on the streets, the political leadership can pile pressure on local governments to review discriminatory ordinances favoring unilateral action by police. Without proper laws, volunteering work would

Human Computer Interaction for Commercial Applications Essay

Human Computer Interaction for Commercial Applications - rise ExampleThe super-sensitivity of the touch proves a real mess for the users to handle the phone properly. The white box in the diagram shows the problematic, tautologic sensitive screen Whether it is being used or not, it automatically initiates different functions that argon accessible from the external touch screen display with just mere friction, making it difficult for the users to flummox important calls and messages. Environment Surrounding the System The device MotoRazr2 is basically a rambling phone make for communication. It is a common mobile phone used primarily in the United States of America. It contains basic functionalities such as calls, messages, video streaming, Internet, Bluetooth, camera and external memory. It is used by common people who argon clean mobile users and use their mobile phones just for making calls, sending messages and for some entertainment. Therefore, it is used socially by an ave rage person who does not lose a keen interest in utilizing all the functionalities of the mobile phone. Therefore, these mobiles argon used roughly by users and such rough routine causes the UI design with the flaw of extra sensitivity to fail completely. The external display touch system that was the USP of this mobile phone proves to be a stone in the path of success. Jargons No technical jargons are used in the system literature except for common HCI terminologies in describing the system PART 2 THE USERS List of User Groups Following are the potential users of the device/mobile MotoRazr2 1. Lower class business community 2. Students 3. Freelancers 4. Salary based personnel Characteristics of two Contrasting Groups The two highly contrasting groups that spend a penny a probatory level of distinct priorities are lower class businessmen and students. These lower class businessmen have more office give-up the ghost to do than to enjoy entertainment functionalities of the mob ile phone in question. However, the user group of students has considerably significant usage of the entertainment facilities of MotoRazr2. The characteristics of a lower class businessmen group are as follows These businessmen do not have enough time to explore the functionalities of the device Due to lack of time, they have comparatively lesser interaction with the device They are careless about their device and therefore, have a disadvantage of extra sensitive touch display The characteristics of the user group of students are as follows Students have relatively more free time than these businessmen, hence they explore the functionalities of the device thoroughly Because of their rough usage of device and frequent interaction with it, students have faced problems such as auto triggering of unwanted carriage because of the poor UI design PERSONAS Businessmen Group John is a new technology entrepreneur. He runs a small technology startup and deals in web designing and development. He normally takes projects from his local clients therefore, he is mostly discussing his projects on call. He barely has time to text anyone and he needs to save wholesaler details on the go. John normally loads his cell phone with credit, but his daughter, who is a toddler, is greatly fascinated by the external display of the phone. She always uses her thumb to turn its light on and off. She besides likes to play with the flap and press random key combinations. John is always amazed by the fact that his credits run out at nighttime time. John cannot, therefore, make important calls at night as he does not have enough credit

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay Example for Free

Trends in external maths and Science overtake (TIMSS) EssayThe Trends in outside(a) mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an supranational proportional sound judgment ab let out mathematics and science inculcateing that is organized by the International Association for the valuation of nurtureal Achievement (IEA). The survey has been administered periodically in cycles of 4 years since 1995. Initially TIMSS was an acronym for the leash International Mathematics and Science Study, which identified its position as the third base field of view following the First and act International Mathematics and Science Studies (FIMS SIMS) in 1964 and 1982 respectively. A similar study to the 1995 TIMSS (using the same technical good example) was carried out in 1999, and was referred to as the Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat (TIMSS-R). The 2003 study was the third cycle of studies based on the 1995 assessment framework, and the acronym TIMSS was rede fined to mean Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (http//nces.ed.gov/timss). With funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the TIMSS assessment was to be offered more timely in intervals of 4 years. plank 1 gives an everywhereview on the TIMSS assessment, target populations, and the number of countries that participated in each administration.Table 1. TIMSS assessments and participating countries at the eighth grade level Study Name Acronym Year Number of Countries Target population Grades tested Third International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 1994/5 42 3rd /4th, 7th/8th , twelfth Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat. TIMSS-R 1998/9 40 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2002/3 46 4th 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2006/7 Over 60 4th, 8th, (12th rescheduled 2008) TIMSS is considered the largest, close to universal, rigorous, and extensive international comparativ e studyal study ever conducted (Alejandro, 2000). It touches on almost every facet of the nurture of science and mathematics.The 2003 TIMSS project was comprised of over 360 000 learners, over 38 000 teachers, and over 12 000 school principals, and as many as 1 euchre mountual proteans were include in addition to variables on bookman achievement scores (Nelson, 2002 TIMSS User guide 2003). TIMSS aims at providing policy makers and educational practitioners with information and forefingers rough their national educational arrangings from an international perspective. Alejandro argues that TIMSS serves a reflect function to participating countries to reflect comparatively on their education systems.Martin and Kelly (2004) suggest that TIMSS tests go beyond meter achievement to including a thorough investigation of curriculum and how it is delivered in classrooms around the world. In a nutshell, the assessment is perceived to be valid and reliable as a measure of student ach ievement. However, the TIMSS assessments ar non without critics. Among the critical voices is that of Wolf (2002) who questions the validity issues of the TIMSS studies. His contention is that TIMSS, being an international assessment, may stir testing procedures that are not appropriate for some countries usual testing practices.Related to that, Zuzovsky (2000) specifically questions the reliability of these tests. He argues that the to a great extent elaborated coding systems inherent in the TIMSS scoring procedures yield lower inter-rater consistency and also that transmutation of achievement tests into contrastive languages brings the reliability of the assessments into question. The downside of cross-sectional assessments such as the TIMSS projects did not escape the attention of de Lange (2007) who questions the hypothesis behind international studies that a single test can give comparable measures of curriculum cause across countries.In spite of these criticisms, Alej andro, the chairman of IEA, sees the worth in countries participating in the TIMSS surveys. He argues that much than just league tables, the TIMSS info place achievement in an international context where it can be considered from multiple perspectives (Alejandro, 2000, p. 2). A similar statement was expressed more than 35 years ago by Bock (1970). He perceived the world as shrinking through technology. In support of international studies, he argued that through participation in international studies and by sharing educational reports, countries get a glimpse of each others cultural practices.The TIMSS international reports give an overall impression of the impaction that different education factors have on students performance in different countries. It is by supercharge move in secondary analysis of the TIMSS entropy and by conducting further studies related to the findings of TIMSS assessments that countries better fancy their information system. In particular, it is impor tant to identify areas of concern and address those systematically rather than attempt to replicate some other countrys curriculum system simply because the schooling system there seems to be effective.Education indicators are numerous and vary in their effect from country to country. It is possible that each of the 1,500 contextual variables administered in the TIMSS surveys were included because of some supporting literature on their influence on students discipline. TIMSS as feigning of educational Achievement The literature on simulates of educational indicators and their performance as a system together with search studies that sit around student learning achievement as a function of the characteristics of their schools and their family background is extensive (Oakes, 2006 Kaplan Elliott, 2007 Kaplan Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001).However, in spite of the extensive literature on the subject of object lessoning of educational data, no single model of educational performance has gained widespread acceptance (Oakes, 2006 Nelson, 2002). This lack of a global model was noted by Nelson in relation to the TIMSS projects, that, although rigorously executed, and with all its popularity (with more participants than any other IEA study), TIMSS has not attempted to be up with a prescriptive model that relates educational factors to student achievement that can be relevant across nations. Nelson is adamant that any attempt to provide a universal model would not be wise because countries differ in their educational policies and instructional practices so that a one-size fits- all model would not be realistic.That said, though models of educational performance seem diverse as suggested by the literature, in Haertel, Walberg, and Weinsteins (2003) view, they have more viridityalities than differences. Haertel et al. conducted a meta-analysis of studies that modeled school performance data and found that the presented models had a c ommon structure. Though the models differed in their specifications, their structures were comprised of three categories of pre-existing conditions (cognitive/affective attributes and resources), instructional processes (opportunity to learn, feeling of instruction), and outcome measures (achievement, affective behaviors).These models presented student performance as a function of student, teacher, and/or school background variables. Studies of interest to my research are those that modeled students performance as a function of their background variables the model of interest that informed my variable selection is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model by Oakes (2006), or Rand Model (Shavelson, McDonnell, Oakes, 2006). The IPO model has similar structural components as the models that were reviewed by Haertel et al. (2003) and models student achievement as a function of some resources. I selected this model for my conceptual framework because of its scope of coverage of educational indicators.The model presents a holistic conception of student learning in a classroom setting and it appears frequently in literature that analyzes large scale data (e.g. Kaplan and Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001 analyzing TIMSS data). Additionally, it has been utilize extensively to guide education researchers in the selection, specification, and analysis of educational variables that correlate with student learning outcomes (Kaplan Elliott, 2007 Kaplan Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001).It is taken as one of the influential models in shaping public opinion and policy on how to foster school improvement. TIMSS Input-Process-Output Model The input-process-output (IPO) model by TIMSS is one of the improved versions of the traditional input-output (IO) models of school organizational data (Glasman, Biniaminov, 2001). Glasman and Biniaminov reported that the input-output traditional model employed research strategies that measure d changes in the systems outputs brought about by changes in the systems inputs. The IO model was criticized for not taking the academic environment into account and for oversimplifying the schooling process by portraying it as linear.According to Glasman and Biniaminov, the input-output analyses did not deal with characteristics of the dynamic and ongoing interrelationships between students and teachers or those among students themselves (p. 509). To exceed the problem, Oakes model added a third component (processes) that mediated the input variables into the output variables and that also provided an educational context for the model. The process component focuses on classroom characteristics such as instructional prime(a) issues (explained in the close section under measures for the model). Oakes model is therefore comprised of three components of an educational system inputs, processes, and outputs (IPO) (Figure1).Figure 1. A comprehensive Model of an Educational System INPUT S PROCESSES OUTPUTS Fiscal and Curriculum Achievement other quality resources School quality Instructional Participation Quality Dropouts Teacher Characteristics Teaching quality Student Attitudes Background Aspirations Note. The arrows indicate the steering of effect Briefly stated, according to Shavelson, McDonnell, and Oakes, (2001) the TIMSS models inputs are the human and financial resources available to education (p. 13) This includes teacher quality (e.g. certification and experience), student background (e.g. parents education and home possessions), and school quality (e.g. school climate).Its processes are what is taught and how it is taught (p. 13) This includes classroom characteristics such as curriculum quality (e.g. pace and coverage of materials), breeding quality (e.g. integration between teacher, pupil, and materials), and instructional quality (e.g. instructional tasks, teaching methods, and classroom climate) and its outputs are the consequences of schooling for students from different backgrounds (p. 13) such as academic achievement, participation (what percentage graduate versus drop out), and attitudes (e.g. any desires to continue perusing math or career goals that are math related).The TIMSS model is complex and provides insight into how the various components of the education system relate to one another. As noted earlier, one of the shortcomings of the traditional input output model was its structure in which nested data was treated as though linear, and the TIMSS model addressed that problem. This was noted by Kaplan and Elliott that the TIMSS model, is one instantiation of the organizational structure of schooling that captures its hierarchical nature (Kaplan, Elliott, 2007 p. 221). The 2 suggested that the model was multilevel in form and was testable through statistical methodologies that take the multilevel nature of educational data into consideration.Kaplan and Elliot used the model for their framework to propose a model-b ased approach for validating educational indicators that explicitly took into account the organizational features of schooling. The two contended from their model that it was not necessary for every indicator that has ever been suggested for collection to actually appear in the model. To them, it is the research questions and the goals for the investigations that should determine which indicators to include in a statistical model. Nevertheless, Oakes (2006) advised that a single indicator of each component of the educational system was inadequate.What was needed, in his view, was for each component to have indicators of all its most critical dimensions, and, without a series of indicators that assesses all important facets of the schooling processes (the 3 components of the model), we can neither understand the systems overall health nor determine the conditions under which a particular goal is met (Oakes, 2006, p. 8). Oakes further observed that each of the three components appeare d to be necessary but insufficient by itself to convey honest information about school effects. That is, although a system of indicators measures distinct components of the education model, it also provides information about how the individual components work together to produce the overall effect.What can be deduced from Oakes remarks is that studies that model precisely one component of the educational system may not be doing an adequate job of impartation the necessary information about the school effects. Conclusions What I considered informative from TIMSS and through the deliberations by Kaplan and Elliott (2007) about TIMSSs model in general, and its use in particular, was how to utilize its structure to reach the different components of an education system holistically. It was of interest that the TIMSS model has flexible attributes in those variables could be rearranged to reflect the hierarchical nature of classroom data as evidenced in the current study in subsequent c hapters.In one study, Kaplan and Kreisman (2000) used the TIMSS model to validate indicators of mathematics education using its data. Rather than group their variables into the three distinct categories of Input-Process-Output as outlined in the model structure, they contended that since TIMSS model was inherently multilevel, a subset of the inputs and processes occurred at higher levels of the education system. As a result, they grouped their indicators into three organizational levels student, teacher, and school.That is to say, although TIMMS model (Figure 1) groups school resources, teacher quality, and student background as one category of input (or prerequisite) variables, these indicators occur at different hierarchical levels of the school organization. some(a) of the variables included in the Kaplan and Kreisman model were At student level mathematics achievement, attitude toward mathematics, utility of mathematics, parents education, and mothers expectations. At teacher le vel method of instruction, teacher collaboration with colleagues, teachers level of education, and teaching experience. At school level opportunities for continuing professional development, good facilities, school climate, level of discipline, and outstanding teacher recognition.Needless to say, Kaplan and Kreismans (2000) variables were representative of the three components of the IPO model even though the variables were grouped differently. Some of the variables they used were tangled indicators. These were variables such as attitudes and methods of instruction. The two authors ran factor analyses to help group related items into the composite indicators and they had mathematics achievement as their outcome measure. In summary, TIMMS model is more of a conceptual framework than a prescriptive one.That is, it does not prescribe what variables one should include in a statistical model for testing educational performance, but offers guidance about the components from which to draw the variables. Directions for Future Research TIMSS data have opened extensive avenues for further research work. In conclusion, this paper has evidenced the complexities involved in TIMSS data. It is hoped that this study and other studies that continue to model TIMSS data and pilot TIMSS instruments will help to illuminate the factors that explain student achievement in the us and in many other countries and to direct policy interventions.

History Test Questions Essay Example for Free

History Test Questions EssayManzanar in CA exhalation of $ property 100th coterie Purple Heart Battalion 442nd Regimental Combat Team fought in Italy, France, Ger many a(prenominal) Most decorated assail unit in US history for likeness of length of service Buddha Heads Most japanese-the Statesns served as soldiers in europium while interpreters and such(prenominal) went to the Pacific obvious racism/discrimination Minority group just astir(predicate) adversely affected by Washington DCs fighttime policies was lacquerese-Americans Internment costs effects camps imp gentle windment armed forces service Nisei born in ground forces, so citizens The general attitude to fightf ard WWII was less brainlistic ideological more than practical than the outlook in WWI (This is according to the textbook What would Zinn say in Ch 16? ) In the period of 1885 to 1924, the Japanese immigrants who came to the USA were a select group (representing Japan abroad, so Japan cared who was sent) who was/were get around prepared educated than nearly europiuman immigrants (so they were middle class usu eithery had $)Ex. Japan felt stand for wanted to avoid Chinese bachelors of 19th century so understand brides When the USA entered WWII in declination (7th attack at Pearl, war declared on 8th), 1941, a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about * WWI had unraveled (but many people didnt know in WWI either Ex.Sergeant York Gallipoli) During WWII, the US govt commissioned the production of synthetic rubber in order to polish offset the loss of addition to prewar supplies in E. Asia (ex. French Indochina/Vietnam, Cambodia, Loas) cont polish offtime agencies functions state of war Production Board assign priorities w/respect to nettle determination of of raw materials transportation facilities property of Price Administration controlled inflation by confine essential goodsWar Labor Board imposed ceiling s (maximums) on wage amplifications Fair recitation Practices Commission (FEPC) saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices were use upd against Af-Ams seeking employment in war industries * A Philip Randolph 1941 threatened to butt on on Wash DC to demand equality in hiring FDR feared march so make a deal to announce Executive Order 8802 for Af-Ams fair employment in wartime industries Randoplh was leader of uniting of Sleeping Car Porters union (mostly Af-Ams but most whites in addition began in 1920s) While most US springers were strongly committed to the war endeavor, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the joined Mine Workers (Why? Exploitation w/unequal distribution of wartime kale. ) * Coal mining is almost as fantastic as war in fact they die more than any other industrial workers, twain back then and to twenty-four hours only crab ishing is truly more hazardous by proportion although they are ofttimes safer today During WWII labor unions substantially increased their membership There were some strikes Ex. unify Mine Workers unfair distribution of wartime profits * Bracero Program p. 833 Mexicans work in agriculture some industries (later deported in the offensive process Wetback) Ironic after 1930s treatment in CA for example Okies for Mexicans, etc Smith-Connally Anti-Strike lay out June 1943 federal govt could seize industries if strikes occurred Ex.Coal mines and RRs briefly p. 832 Employment of more than 6 one million million women in America (3 million had never worked for wages originally) industry during WWII led to the establishment of day-care centers by govt (*Rosie vs. Wendy) Usually virtuoso women or w/husband in the war were the ones working in defense plants/war industries * non equal pass on for equal work in almost all cases although some women earned as good or better capital if they were outstanding some were indeed Ex. P. 33 WOW circuit card * My recruiting posters WW II aircraft pictures * non greater % of women working in USA than in Europe Ex. Britain USSR in war industries * add-on in employment in war industries for Af-Ams (both men women) * Migrations from southerly as Af-Ams die while to the South came war industries and military bases Why? Cheap wages very few unions * Not a strong desire for most women to work for wages ( in particular in defense industries, etc) *** p. 833 WAACs, WAVES, SPARS, (WASPs) GI brass Issue * USCG Merchant Marine Main reason majority of women workers left labor force at end of WWII was family obligation Af-Ams did all of following during WWII rally behind slogan of Double V (victory over Axis racism at home), move due north west in large migrations (seeking work often in war industries) (move to cities urban begins to mean b neglect) (ghettos created non like Jewish ghettos in Poland, etc) (de facto vs. de jure/Jim Crow segregation discrimination Ex.Race riots in Detroit in 1943 later r ace riots in north in 1960s similarly), form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE 1942 increase in NAACP membership), serve (in US military) in (US) Army Air Corps (Tuskegee Airmen 332nd/99th w/impeccable bear witness no failers muddled on their escorts Benjamin O. Davis sr. Benjamin O. Davis jr. West Point grads endured unspoken treatment from whites Davis sr. is first Af-Am general in US history Davis jr. was in controller of 99th squadron see picture on . 835), What about fighting in integrated combat units?Not until Korea (w/ riddance of a few experiments) Which is least related to the other three? A Philip Randolph (Bro of Sleep Car Porters threat to march on Wash DC in 1941 led to Executive Order 8802 in 1963, helped turn out march to Wash DC for MLK jrs I Have a Dream speech. Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC to protect Af-Ams to be hired and treated fairly in war industries), racial discrimination in wartime indu stry (still even w/FEPC there was discrimination but better than w/out it), proposed negro March on Washington, What about the Smith-Connally (Anti- Strike) Act (1943)?On pp. 834-836 Migration interpret on p. 834 * cotton wool production in South hurt Af-Am laborers, tenant, and sharecropping farmers (whites too who did this many) w/ introduction of mechanization so migration p. 836 * natural Americans 25,000 serve Ex. Comanche in Europe Navajo in Pacific polity talkers p. 836 *** LA, CA summer 1943 Zoot Suit Riots Pachucos vs. Servicemen military group retaliation gangs blame reactions tensions Victory Suits race riots p. 836-837 ** Race riot in Detroit, MI in 1943 fatalities pp. 36-837 grownup govt intervention received its greatest boost from WWII (not the New Deal) During WWII, most Ams economically experienced prosperity a doubling of personal income p. 837 national Gross National Product (all goods and serve produced in USA) in 1940 was $100 trilli on GNP grew to $200 billion in 1945 corporate profits rose from $6 billion in 1940 to $12 billion by 1944 Henry Stimson (Sec of War) if you are pass to try to go to war in a capitalist country, you have to let business make money out of the process, or business wont work. p. 837 * disposable income after war-time taxes more than duplicate (but there was inflation too) * post-war consumerism w/sur positively charged income to purchase in post-war US economy Ex increase 33% in post war prices b/c of high wages consumer demand * Office of Scientific Research and Development p. 37 developed weapons, including atomic (nuclear) bombs *** warfare-welfare state b/t 1941-1945 * rationing total war effort bond drives kids had Al drives for example, etc Ex of poster When you ride ALONE, you ride with Hitler total darkness Market Chart for Rise in National Debt rise b/c of WWII and after war it spiked higher than during war p. 837 On p. 38 Cost of war in $ was for USA $33 0 billion 10 multiplication more than WWI more $ than all federal spending since 1776 income tax 4 times as many people than in advance war some people taxed as high as 90% of income taxes provided for 2/5ths of war cost rest is borrowed from US public Liberty Loans Bond Drives others loaned $ too like individuals who were rich tycoons moguls and/or through with(predicate) corporations banks 1941 National Debt was $49 billion grew to $259 billion in 1945 war cost $10 million per hour at peak of war plus cable, sweat, tears fearful loss of life Ex.USSR lost more than any other country Northward migration of Af-Ams speed after WWII b/c mechanical cotton pickers (machines) were in use p. 836 During WWII, American Indians moved off of reservations in large numbers (25,000 served in military) p. 836 By the end of WWII, the heart of USAs Af-Am communities had shifted to northern cities pp. 834-835 * p. 836 The speed and scale of these changes jolted the migrant s and sometimes the communities that received them. * Racism, de facto segregation vs. de jure (Jim Crow) segregation Migartion Map on p. 834 National debt increased most during World War II (and post-WWII to present) p. 838 Most $ raised to finance WWII came through get (individuals, corporations bonds for middle class working class people) (*Liberty/Victory Loans bond sales hugely promoted) p. 38 First oceanic skirmish in history in which all of the fighting was done by (aircraft) carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942 near NE Australia Tie to stop Japanese threat/ attack of the Land Down Under USA lost one carrier USS Lexington USS Yorktown carrier severely damaged but back in action at middle(prenominal) where she was finally sunk by a Japanese skid after extensive damage from aircraft that left her a burning wreck) * Midway 2nd such battle b/t carrier fleets so far apart they never see each other June 3rd-6th, 1942 the turning point of the Pacific war p. 839 The tide of Japanese conquering in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of Midway (June 3rd-6th, 1942) * Details our 3 carriers to their 4 we sank all four and lost only one planes luck plans codes drama Spruance, Nimitz, etc plus Aleutian Islands (of Alaska) attacked just ahead Midway was diversion, which was fairly effective chilliness, brutal fighting over frozen, barren islands, but were US territorial dominion like Hawaii pp. 39-841 Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their taste to control much of the Pacific when they over extended themselves instead of digging in consolidating their gains p. 839 Japanese victories in Pacific up through first 6 months extended down to Dutch East Indies (for oil), atomic number 34 Asia (for rubber), including Burma and Thailand into parts of China, the Filipinos, the Marianas such as Guam, the Gilbets, the Marshalls, the Solomons, the Aleutians, Korea and Manchuria, Okinawa, invasio n of Iwo Jima, etc- They held it for about 6 months after Pearl Harbor forward Allied advances began.In waging war against Japan, the USA relied mainly on a strategy of (leapfrogging and) island-hopping across the South (and Central) Pacific while by-passing Japanese strongholds (whenever possible but not always Ex. Philippines Pelelieu Aleutians) MacArthur/US Army Halsey in South USMC Nimitz/Spruance in Central Pacific All strategies considered implemented in some fashion heavy barrage from Chinese air bases, invading SE Asia Burma, fortifying China transporting supplies from India over the Hump of the Himalayas, turning Japanese flanks in New Guinea (MacArthur) Alaska (Aleutians) * All were done but priority was put on USN, US Army, USMC, USAAC (USAF), USCG in two prong drive across south central Pacific with Adm.Nimitz calling the shots Conquest of Guam (Marianas Tinian Saipan too) in 1944 was especially critical, b/c from there (the Marianas) the USA could c onduct round-trip bombing raids (B-29s) on Japanese home islands entirely a cruddy volcanic sulfur-smelling small island with large 500 foot hill on its southwestern corner on it called Iwo Jima was in the way could notify Japan that bombers were coming plus many damaged bombers indispensable the lively air strip on the island for emergency landings so in Feb of 1945, USMC began its biggest, most-distinguished battle lasting 36 days in Hell before the island was completely secure giving us two flag raisings on Mt. Suribachi the 2nd becoming mayhap the most famous photograph in the entire world Semper Fi, Do or Die, Gung Ho affiliate won Battle of Atlantic by escorting convoys of merchants (and military) vessels (not using convoy system initially) Ex. Carrier other Task Forces, dropping depth charges from destroyers, bombing submarine (U-boat) bases (Ex. located in France), deploying new technology of RADAR At wars end, U-boat crews are in a very deadly branch of volun tarily service still got volunteers up until the end 4 out of 5 U-boaters die by late 1944 Adm Downitz asked for more before war didnt get them, used convoy system w/ destroyer escorts depth charges RADAR (B-24s B-25s, other planes as sub hunters) SONAR Enigma code machine codes (read Japanese codes in Pacific too) US subs shed dozens of ships (especially in Pacific), But what about organizing wolf packs (which are German U-boats) to chase down German U-boats (submarines)? *** Battle of the Atlantic Most important battle in Western EuropeUntil Spring 1943, perhaps Hitlers greatest opportunities of defeating Britain winning the war was the German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping (which it was meteoric than ships could be built early in war) Hitlers advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of Stalingrad, after which, his fortunes gradually declined * Leningrad, Kursk, Red Army, Counter-Offensives pp. 841-842 Monte gambling casino in Italy Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 b/c of British reluctance (b/c of the majority of troops would be supplied by them that early in the war) lack of adequate resources * Wed have gotten our butts handed to us by the Germans as indeed we did actually until 1943 we needed to learn how to fight Stalin was angry we left his country to suffer while we lagged in opening a second front n France to relieve the USSR cannot blame him entirely FDRs promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by end of 1942 was utterly impossible to maintain (just not ready for the undertaking sincerely) * So USSR got pounded through most of 1942 before it went on the offensive in 1943 and until the end of the war really meanwhile, the Allies invaded North Africa, then Sicily, then up the boot of Italy before two major invasions of France in June Aug of 1944 Allied demand for unconditional abdicate was criticized mainly by opponents who believ ed that such a surrender would encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible (but USA also did this to show a ommitment to USSR as an Ally against Germany to avoid a separate peace as in WWI) FDRs Churchills insistence on the absolute and unconditional surrender of Germany at last intricate the problems of postwar reconstruction Chronology Casablanca, Morocco Jan 1943 FDR Churchill meet Pacific strategy, Sicily, Italy, unconditional surrender p. 842, (Cairo, Egypt before Teheran w/FDR Churchill discourse Chiang Mao vs. Japanese in China), then Teheran, Iran (Persia at the time) Nov 28th Dec 1st, 1943 plans for W E attacks on Germany p. 844 FDR, Churchill, Stalin, Potsdam, Germany July 1945 Truman, Churchill, Stalin Potsdam Declaration how to end war post-war plans p. 851 Chronology Invasion of (Sicily and) Italy (1943), D- solar day/Normandy invasion (June 6th, 1944), VE Day 5/8/45 my puzzle turned 6 years old (my father turned 6 years old 10 days later) she had two brothers in this war (others in Korea Vietnam) one would come home from Europe w/2 Purple Hearts served under Patton in N Africa was at the place his eye was intermission out of his head attached by the optic nerve they saved his eye but the war messed the young man up for the rest of his life mentally carrying the burdens of death her other brother was in Pacific he would not come home until Japan was beaten VJ Day 8/15/45 Japans surrender was 8/14/45 official surrender on lard of battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay was 9/2/45 WWII was finally over after many deaths military ivilian (WWII began in 1931-37 in Asia, Sept 1939 in Europe, Dec 1941 for USA in Pacific) Major consequence of Allied conquest of Sicily in Aug 1943 was overthrow of Mussolini (first of two times) and (eventually) Italys surrender o Italians surrender quicker than the French At least they claim to be lovers not fighters but the Romans hard put a foot in and/or up ones booty i n battle as a vicious warrior empire known for organization in fighting by and by Italian surrender in Aug 1943, Germans poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance (really until the end of the war in Northern Italy also harsh to Italians for switching sides) Real impact of the Italian front on WWII may have been that it decelerate the D-Day invasion allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into E Europe (iron curtain) relentless fighting in Italy Ex pp. 841-842 Monte Cassino in Italy Audie Murphy was in Italy, France, Germany 442nd Nisei were in Italy, France, Germany US First Army The Big Red One Tuskegee airmen (99th squadron of 332nd fighter group)Italians switched sides Germans reinforced personal credit liney battles b/c of terrain Ex. Anzio * I disagree w/this Italy was a vital valuable front perhaps managed poorly, but infallible At the wartime conference in Teheran, Iran (Persia) (11-28 thru 12-1-43) (FDR, Churchill, Stalin) plans were made for op ening a 2nd front in Europe p. 844 was Sicily Italy before France Stalin still not happy Cross Channel (English Channel) invasion of Normandy (in NW France) to open a 2nd front in Europe was commanded by Gen Dwight David Eisenhower (future chairwoman) Ike West Point, Aide of MacArthur, Bonus Army, North Africa, capital political general needed for this command to deal w/ the prima- onnas US Gen Patton and British Gen Montgomery (Monty) plus other issues he was the right man for the job although many disagreed about that at the time ***** Normandy/D-Day June 6th, 1944 (operation Overlord) gap 5 beaches Monty, Bradley, Patton diversion pointed at Calais, French Underground, Airborne/Gliders/Paratroopers, Rangers, Amphibious, Air Superiority, Mulberry Harbors, Strategy, Hedgerows, Engineers, Etc (Saving Private Ryan, The Longest Day) In a sense, FDR was the forgotten man at the Democratic Convention of 1944 b/c so much attention was focused on who would be VP (Truman Sen fro m MO political machine failed in business US Army rtillery Major in WWI ) (VP former Sec of Ag Henry Wallace pushed out) (FDR in poor health) ** FDR complained of a headache and then shortly thereafter died from cerebral hemorrhage sitting for a portrait in Warm Springs, GA (where his health spa for his rehab for polio was) on April 12th, 1945 funeral train some people had really only known FDR as president, now Truman was the great unknown trying to replace FDR Eleanor said to Harry, The president is dead. Truman replied, Is there anything I can do for you. Mrs Roosevelt responded, Oh no, is there anything that we can do for you, youre the one who is in trouble now. FDR won 1944 election primarily b/c war was going well by Nov 1944 (many thought it was all but officially won and over) Action by USA against Adolf Hitlers campaign of genocide against the Jews was reprehensively slow in coming Did not admit large numbers of refugees to USA, nor bomb RR lines at death camps USA did know Govt knew for sure since 1942 when final solution was implemented US govt knew before if they chose to believe it (plus Mein Kampf, Hitlers book), not major reason at all really that USA fought WWII like Civil War sort of in that abolition of slavery was a byproduct that many Federal/Union soldiers did not realize they were fighting for at the beginning of the war, nor would many of them fought for that ensample anywaymy opinionso you know its correct ( Hitlers last ditch contract to achieve victory against the USA British (plus other Allies) came in Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944-Jan 1945) My uncle FL was there got that nasty eye wound Hurtgen Forrest (When Trumpets Fade) before Bulge near Achaen in W Germany almost on Belgian border brutal mine fields slaughter overshadowed by Bulge so more often than not forgotten Bulge why its called the Battle of the Bulge weather secrecy push through weak Ardennes Malmady Mr. High casualties 76,000 US worst b attle in US history (Okinawa close, Gettysburg too) Germans lost 140,000+ cold no air cover for weeks Bastogne 101st Airborne (Band of Brothers) 101st at Normandy, Market garfishden, Bastogne, Hitlers double birdies Nest Patton 3rd Army costly choice to push bulge back kinda than pinch it (liposuction) air cover returns push to the Rhine USSR pushing from the East USSR in Berlin brutalAs depart of Battle of Leyte Gulf Japan was finished a s a naval power (Philippines 1944 largest naval battle ever Halsey Taffy 3 Kamikazes Yamato) Philippines fell 500 POWs rescued at Cabanatuan (The Great Raid) hold outs in to 1970s Iwo Jima and Okinawa and Japanese home islands left to take to end Pacific war ***** War of corrasion in Pacific to the death rarely took prisoners on either side unless want information Potsdam league issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender of face a rain of ruin from the air Its already go about a rain of ruin from the air as did Germa n cities p. 851 Potsdam Conference (Truman told Stalin of massive weapon to use on Japan Stalin not surprised (b/c he knew from spies already) told Truman to use it promised to enter war in Pacific as he had agreed to earlier entered war 8/8/45, day before 2nd A-bomb on Nagasaki that time, Hiroshima the first on 8/6/45) Total unconditional surrender or be destroyed threat of more bombing not specific as to use of an atomic bomb more bombing so what already taking that Spending of enormous sums of money on the original (to be used against Germany) atomic (nuclear) bomb project (Manhattan Project) was spurred by the belief that the American public would not tolerate the (massive) casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan (***** Much much Complex Than That ***** Letter c in the answer choices The Japanese were (still) at work (and more successful than Germans who tried heavy water in Norway but suffered to sabotage attacks one at the plant, the other ch ange posture a ferry w/the heavy water on board still at pot of the lake in Norway) on an atomic bomb of their own (claim to have detonated one in Manchuria) ***** Japanese had lots of weapons ready for the Final Battle or invasion of Japan, which was planned ready to go they also had chemical weapons from Shiro Ishis Unit 731 in Manchuria chemical biological weapons delivery systems Ex. High altitude balloons, flea bombs, etc- USA made post-war deal w/ the DevilNo war crimes trials for vivisections, experiments, infection of disease, anthrax, plague, etc The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by agreeing to let Japans Emperor Hirohito stay on the tail end (w/Democratic govt) * No war crimes trials for emperor Tojo took the fall for emperor no Shiro Ishi or members of Unit 731 impertinent Nazis let Japan have terms that Germany did not get then USA built up former enemies (W Germany Japan) into allies while former allies (USSRlt etc) b ecame enemies COLD WAR The following were qualities of US amour in WWIIA group of highly effective military political leaders, an enormously effective effort in producing weapons supplies (usually more, later, better equipment than enemies out produced the Axis), the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction from air (small submarine skirmishes some off-shore shelling, some balloons w/explosives in 48 continental USA), the maintenance re-affirmation of strength of democracy, What about a higher % of military casualties than any other Allied nation (USA had least casualties of big ones USSR suffered more casualties than any country on either side) p. 27 FDR as all wise for Germany first strategy over those who disagree Pacific war always get ripped off p. 828 Allies Trade quadriceps for Time * German ( Japanese) scientists weapons A-Bombs pp. 829-832 The Shock of War pp. 830-831 Japanese-Am Internment (Farewell to Manzanar) Issei, Nisei, Exe c Order 9066 (100th/442nd) pp. 832-833 Building the War Machine * strikes Ex Coal Miners exploited, underpaid share profits Kaiser ship public figureing pp. 833-834 Man power Woman power Braceros (later deportations in Operation Wetback) Rosie (Wendy) day-cares p. 834 War migration map pp. 835-837 wartime migrations p. 835 Tuskegee Airmen photo p. 835 A Philip Randolph (Exec Order 8802) **** (Charles Drew Af-Am did first successful argumentation transfusion put in charge of Allied blood banks he was forced to segregate blood too his death outside a hospital after an accident died waiting for a blood tranfusion b/c white hospital would not admit him) p. 835 Double V, CORE 1942, NAACP membership increases p. 836 Comanche (Europe) Navajo (Pacific) code talkers pp. 836-837 Zoot Suit Riots in LA, CA 1943 Detroit, MI 1943 Sudden rubbing against one another of unfamiliar peoples produced some distressingly violent action. pp. 837-838 Holding the Homefront p. 837 National De bt Chart pp. 838-839 The Rising Sun in the Pacific p. 838 Map of Luzon, Bataan, Corrigador (Philippines) p. 838 (Mao and ) Chiang Kai-shek resist Japanese w/Allied help p. 38 Flying the Hump in Himalayas (b/c of Burma Road Merrils Mauraders Gen Stillwell) p. 838 ill-trained Filipinos, MacArthur holds fast delays Japanese Bataan Death March (POW rescue) p. 839 Japans High lunar time period at Midway (plus Aleutians) pp. 839-841 American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo (island-hopping leapfrogging like blitzkrieg Pacific style) * Book does opposite of Europe First strategy of Allies Guam (Saipan suicides), Marianas Turkey Shoot F6F Hellcat kill ratio 6-20-44 Battle of Philippine Sea massive Japanese losses p. 840 Map of Pacific War p. 841 Churchill The Hun is always either at you throat or at your feet. pp. 841-842 The Allied Halting of Hitler p. 41 Battle of the Atlantic U-boats, destroyers, RADAR, SONAR, Enigma, New U-boats (not bounteous early in war Downitz) no sub can s tay under indefinitely b/c food is limitation (U-571) pp. 842-843 A Second Front from North Africa to Rome p. 842 USSR lost 20 million pp. 842-843 unconditional surrender debate results pp. 843-846 D-Day June 6th, 194p. 845 Examining the Evidence Teheran 1943 Overlord Discussion (* Dieppe in France) p. 844 Ike elect to command D-Day invasion (feignt w/Patton at Calais codes, underground, paratroopers, Rangers, 5 beaches, air power, Mulberry harbors, etc) p. 846 D-Day (Agincourt 1415 officer recited Shakespeare) in picture caption p. 846 Aug 1944 invasion of S France (A Murphy) pp. 846-847 FDR Four Termite of 1944 p. 47 Focus on VP Truman on Sen perpetration for Wasteful Spending told to stop investigating Manhattan Project he later learns it was nuclear Bombs p. 848 FDR defeats Dewey FDR had Rep possess newspapers against him again p. 848 Quote from Congresswoman Clare Booth Luce He lied us into war because he did not have the political courage to lead us into it. pp. 848-849 The Last Days of Hitler p. 849 Map of Battle of the Bulge * 76,000 casualties worst US battle ever so far * Okinawa Gettysburg were both very bad too Bulge mistakes p. 848 bombings pp. 848-849 (Remagen) Rhine River crossing into Germany p. 849 Holocaust camps liberated horrors known now for all (unit 731 in Manchuria) p. 849 FDRs deathVE Day 5-8-45 pp. 49-851 Japan Dies Hard US subs sinking Japanese ships cutting off Japans vital lifeline sank 1. 042 ships 50% of Japans merchant fleet p. 850 Bombings in Japan Ex. Tokyo 3/9-10/1945 83,000 KIA p. 850 Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Pkinawa short-changed as usual by textbooks that suck Iwo Jima 6,000 KIA not 4,000 Okinawa 50,000 US casualties (KIA, WIA, MIA, POW) Okinawa, Japanese had 200,000 military civilian casualties p. 851 2nd Flag Raising (Flags of Our Fathers, Letters from Iwo Jima, The Sands of Iwo Jima) p. 851 Kamikazes (Saipan Leyte, then Iwo Okinawa worst of all no Final Battle wouldve been worst) They had lo ts stored up for the Final Battle pp. 851-853 Atomic Bombs p. 52 Hiroshima picture post-bomb on 8-6-45 180,000 KIA, WIA, MIA 70,000 KIA instantly 60,000 died later from radiation, etc p. 852 USSR enters war in Pacific on 8-8-45 day before Nagasaki 8-9-45 KIA of 40,000 instantly, more later USSR invaded Manchuria North Korea (not a country split N S until 1950) 8-14-45 Japan surrendered 8-15-45 VJ Day official surrender on deck of battleship USS Missouri (Big Mo) on 9/2/45 w/MacArthur , etc pp. 853-854 The Allies Triumphant p. 853 US casualties 1 million 1/3rd KIA plasma, penicillin, (quanine for malaria), etc. (medics, corpsman, doctors, nurses) USSR lost 20 million plus more casualties 13. 6 million military killed plus 7. 2 million civilians killed plus up to 30 million more wounded and refugees p. 853 US attacked on W microscope slide Ex balloons w/bombs, etc.. submarines on both coasts p. 853 In the end, the US showed itself to be resourceful, tough, and adaptable to acco mmodate itself to the play of an enemy who was relentless and ruthless. Kind of funny given US history dont you mobilize? p. 854 VJ Day 8-15-45 image p. 854 production marvels won war through production more of everything then eventually better more Churchill Nothing succeeds like excess. Herman Goering (Head of German air force/Luftwaffe Americans cant build planes only electric ice boxes and razor blades. Goering also said that the P-51 Mustang (US fighter plane) won the war for the Allies p. 854 But the American people preserved their precious liberties without serious impairment. What would Zinn say? Is this a reference to loss of liberties during WWI Espionage and Sedition Acts? What would enemy aliens and citizens interned during the war say? Ex. Italian German internment Japanese-American internment p. 854 Chronology p. 855 World War II Triumph or Tragedy? Post-war scholarship was to avoid isolationist appeasement in chilly War other paralleled 1930s revision ist of post-WWI said US should have stayed out made it worse Another thought FDR was naive isolationistOthers thought FDR was a calculating interventionist Another focused on Atomic Bombs controversy racism issue or timing b/c Germans were beaten already Gar Alperovitz said bomb was used to scare USSR hurry surrender MartinJ. Sherwin said we dropped A-bombs when ready to end was ASAP w/bonus of scaring USSR ***** Textbook ignores Rises to Power of Totalitarian leaders like Stalin (communist), Mussolini (fascist), Hitler (fascist), Japans warmonger govt w/emporer Hirohito led by Tojo early in war he took the fall It does not explain the role of the emperor in Japans govt Battle of Berlin brutal pay back refugees rapes POWs Hitlers death

Positive and negative impacts of social networking sites Essay Example for Free

Positive and negative impacts of hearty ne bothrking sites EssayTHE POSITIVE PARTSocial net cash in ones chipsing weather vane sites argon helping businesses advertise, thus amicable networking Web sites are benefiting businesses economically.Social networking Web sites are helping education by leaseing teachers and coaches to put up club coming together snips, school projects, and even homework on these sites.Social networking Web sites are enabling advancements in knowledge and medicine. Job huntingStay in touch with friendsPositive causes/awarenessTHE NEGATIVE PARTThe truly nature of such sites encourages users to provide a certain amount of personal development. But when deciding how more information to reveal, mickle whitethorn not exercise the same amount of caution on a Website as they would when meeting someone in person. This happens because the Internet provides a sense of anonymitythe lack of animal(prenominal) interaction provides a false sense of secur ity they tailor the information for their friends to read, forgetting that others may see it. manduction as well as much information on kind networking sites goat be problematic in two ways firstly, it stool reveal something about you that youd rather your current or future employer or school administrator not know, and second, it can put your personal safety at chance. Another electromotive force downside of social networking sites is that they allow others to know a persons contact information, interests, habits, and whereabouts. Consequences of sharing this information can range from the relatively harmless but annoyingsuch as an increase in spamto the potentially deadlysuch as stalking. Another great issue of concern with social networking tissue sites is that of child safety.Read morePositive and Negative Effects of Social Media Essay research has shown that around three out of every four teenagers who use social networking web sites are at risk due to their lack of exploitation online safety. (Joly, Karine, 2007) A lot of the web sites do have an age unavoidableness but it is easily bypassed by thelying about of ones age. Even if they dont lie about their age the average age requirement is around fifteen years old. Predators may target children, teens, and other unsuspecting persons onlinesometimes posing to be someone elseand then slowly coach them, forming relationships with them and then eventually convincing them to meet in personIn Touch with The WorldFamily livelihood abroad can be kept abreast of the latest happenings in your world as speedily as those living next door. Friends who you havent seen since school, and who have since moved away, are able to slip away in touch. Social networking sites have made the world a menialer place.ConclusionsAs with most things in life there are positive and negative sides to social networking, both of which we have now explored. eventual(prenominal) belief is that when done in moderation, with checks and balances on how younger people in particular are using them, and with a firm grasp being kept on reality at all time, social networking sites are neither evil or a Godsend. Theyre somewhere in between.Social networking isnt for everyone, but its now such a massive part of all our lives, whether we embrace or reject the notion, that it can no longer be ignored. PrivacySocial networking sites encourage people to be more public about their personal lives. Because intimate details of our lives can be posted so easily, users are prone to bypass the filters they might normally employ when talking about their private lives. Whats more, the things they post remain available indefinitely. While at one moment a photo of friends doing shots at a party may seem harmless, the image may appear less attractive in the mise en scene of an employer doing a background check. While most sites allow their users to control who sees the things theyve posted, such limitations are often forgotte n, can be difficult to control or dont work as well as advertised.Decreased productivenessWhile many businesses use social networking sites to find and communicate with clients, the sites can also prove a great distraction to employees whomay show more interest in what their friends are posting than in their work tasks. Wired.com posted two studies which demonstrated damage to productivity caused by social networking Nucleus Research reported that Face book shaves 1.5% off office productivity while Morse claimed that British companies disoriented 2.2 billion a year to the social phenomenon. New technology products have become available that allow social networks to be blocked, but their effectiveness remains spotty.A False Sense of Connection gibe to Cornell Universitys Steven Strogatz, social media sites can make it more difficult for us to distinguish between the meaningful relationships we advance in the real world, and the numerous casual relationships formed through social me dia. By focusing so much of our time and psychic energy on these less meaningful relationships, our most significant connections, he fears, will weaken. social networking has become a major part of society. Even coarse businesses and celebrities are move on the social networking bandwagon.Many people wake up each day and check social websites first thing in the morning instead of reaching for a newspaper. According to Mashable.com, as of June 2010, American Internet users spend more than 22 percent of their online time using a social networking site. Since people are spending such a large amount of time surfing social networks, it is important to point out some of the positive and negative effects that social networking can have on a society.Helping Small BusinessesSocial networking can help small businesses in a big way. Traditional mediums such as print magazine ads and radio commercials can cost thousands of dollars that some small businesses just dont have in a down economy. Social networking allows small business owners to connect with prospects and clients for free, be nothing but time and energy. Marketers at small companies can post coupons to Facebook groups or run promotions on Twitter. In addition to generating revenue this way, companies also can get positive and negative feedback directly from consumers. addictiveA negative aspect of social networking is that it can be addictive. Spendingtoo much time on social networking sites can cause people to lose focus on tasks at work or around the house. Social networking needs to be used in moderation. If someone is spending so much time on social networks that they are not sleeping enough hours per night or are ignoring friends and family that want to spend time with them in person, social networking can be a in effect(p) problem.Sharing Too MuchAnother drawback to social networking is that some users are simply sharing too much information. People can lose their jobs or a friendship over leaking in formation on social networks. Even if a user of a social site has her privacy settings on the highest level, their information can still be passed on by someone on their friends list. It doesnt take much for an enraged follower to copy and paste a status or download a picture if they are looking for revenge.

Health Literacy and its Impact on Patients Essay Example for Free

Health Literacy and its Impact on Patients EssayHealth literacy is the degree to which individuals crap the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic wellness instruction and services needed to make appropriate wellness decisions. Low wellness literacy has a negative impact on a endurings health status and hold of the health c be system. Patients with low health literacy levels stinkernot make decisions regarding their health c be or follow operating operating instructions on medicinal drugs and health maintenance behaviors. This can affect health care in a conformation of ways.It is the health care providers responsibility to ensure that perseverings with low health literacy levels are set and measures are taken to ensure those patients understand their options and instructions. To educate these patients, health care providers need to develop resources that are easily understood and question skills that can ensure patient comprehension. Research has shown t hat patients with a low health literacy level may be to a greater extent likely to produce problems following verbal or compose medical examination advice and medication instructions or understanding health-related materials.This review discusses the commonness of health literacy and its impact on patients and the health care system, and provides recommendations for creating supplemental literature at the appropriate level. The use of these tools and improved mendelevium interview skills will establish a better physician/patient relationship and continue to encourage patient participation in the health care process. By providing the patients with the basic knowledge to understand and adhere to the instructions given to them and the confidence to communicate any questions or concerns, the hospital is promoting a better patient/physician relationship.There was a study conducted in 2003 by the National Assessment on Adult Literacy that was released in 2006 that included a Health L iteracy component that evaluated patients health literacy in three main categories clinical, preventative, and navigation of the health care system. These three categories were designed to reflect things that patients would see or be asked to do in their daily lives. There were examples such as following medication instructions, scheduling health covert tests and finding ones way to the appropriate location for a medical appointment at bottom a health care facility.The results of this study indicated that 36-38 of adults in the United States had a basic or down the stairs health literacy level or were not literate in English and could not participate in the assessment. Another 55% of U. S. adults reported having a mid-range level of health literacy which showed room for improvement. Patients who have low health literacy levels ofttimes are not able to comprehend and follow the instructions on a medication bottle or determine the dosage information on over-the-counter medications .The inability to understand the information requested on a health care form can prevent an individual from having up to(predicate) health care coverage or having rile to care when it is needed. If a patient does not have the ability to identify when treatment is needed for a medical condition, make the appointment and navigate through and through the health care system to be treated, their health can suffer. By not seeking medical attention at the beginning of an illness or not accessing the appropriate point of entry in a health care clinic, the patient is reducing the chance of having a positive health outcome. nation with lower health literacy may wait to seek medical attention rather than utilizing preventative health services. These patients often have higher rates of admission and use services that are designed for more critical patient care. When faced with a disease or health care condition, patients are often turning to a variety of places for health information such as the internet, magazines, or books. Adults with basic or below basic health literacy levels did not turn to such resources.Physicians are with a patient such a short amount of time at each visit, yet they have so much they need to provide to the patient. At a visit to the physician several new concepts are creation introduced to the adult such as discontinuing a the use of a current prescription, modification of the prescribed dose, or introducing a new medicine. It is of great importance to verify that the patient understands what is being said to them. Asking the patient to demonstrate what they just heard is more effective in gauging whether a patient understands the information.There can be additional time spend with patients, or supplemental materials can be provided to patients who have bar processing this critical information. Other factors that can have a negative impact on a persons comprehension of health-related materials include limited English language skills, chronic health conditions, hearing problems, or vision problems. In order for patients to be able to most effectively use these health rearing materials, they should be written at lower reading levels using simple words and pictures to stress points.Low health literacy is a problem that continues grow in patients in the health care system, add to a lack of use of services, often leading to negative health outcomes. Hospitals should focus attention on their forms and the health education materials they are distributing to the patients to ensure that there materials are appropriate for all levels of health literacy. Having forms that are more easily understood may increase a patients ability to access and utilize appropriate hospital services.Also by giving patients more appropriate health education materials will encourage them to become more actively involved in their care by providing them with the confidence to make decisions about their treatment. As the individual relationship is b uilt between patient and care team, the assurance will follow to ask questions about information that is not clear and seek assistance when it is prototypical needed instead of when it is a critical situation. DeMarco, Joanna. ( 2011, Spring). The Importance of Patient Education Throughout the Cotinuum of Health Care. 295-301. journal of Consumer Health. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from EBSCOhost.